PAN 
PAN AX. Lin. Gen. Plant. 1031. Panacea. Mitch. 
Gen. 26. Araliaftrum. Vaill. 6. Ginleng or Ninleng. 
The Characters are* 
It hath male and hermaphrodite flowers on diftinbl plants ; 
the male have fimple globular umbels, compofed of feveral 
coloured rays which are equal ‘the involucrum on the 
cutfide , covflfts of the fame number of fmall fpear-Jhaped 
leaves. The flower has five narrow , oblong , blunt pe- 
tals, which are reflexed , fitting on the empalement, and 
five oblong flender Jlamina inferted in the empalement, ter- 
minated % flngle fummits. The hermaphrodite umbels 
are fimple, equal , and cluftered ; the involucrum is fmall, 
permanent , and compofed of feveral awl-Jhaped leaves ; 
the empalement is fmall and permanent. The flowers have 
five oblong equal petals , which are recurved , and five 
jhort Jlamina terminated by flngle fummits which fall off, 
with a roundijh germen under the empalement , fupporting 
two fmall eredt ftyles, crowned by Jingle ftigmas. The 
germen afterward becomes an umbillicated berry with 
two cells, each containing a Jingle , heart Jfsaped, convex, 
plain feed \ _ . 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fection 
of Linnaeus’s twenty-third clafs, which includes the 
plants whofe male flowers are upon diftind plants 
from the female or hermaphrodite flowers. 
The Species are, 
1. Pan ax (Quinquefoliuni) foliis ternis quinatis. Flor. 
Virg. 147. Panax with trifoliate Cinquefoil leaves. Ara- 
liaftrum quinquefolii folio, majus, Ninzin vocatum. 
D. Sarrafin. Vaill. Gen. 43. Greater five-leaved Bafiard 
Aralia, called Ninzin. 
2. Panax ( Trifolium ) foliis ternis ternatis. Flor. Virg. 
35. Panax with three trifoliate leaves. Araliaftrum 
fragarise folio minus. Vaill. Gen. 43. Smaller Bafiard 
Aralia with a Strawberry leaf ’. 
Both thefe plants grow naturally in North America ; 
the firft is generally believed to be the fame as the 
Tartarian Ginfeng, the figures and defcriptions of that 
plant, which have been feat to Europe by the miffio- 
naries, agreeing perfedly with the American plant. 
This hath a flelhy taper root as large as a man’s fin- 
ger, which is jointed, and frequently divided into two 
imaller fibres downward. The ftalk rifes near a foot 
and a half high, naked at the top, where it generally 
divides into three fmaller foot-ftalks, each fuftaining 
a leaf compofed of five fpear-lhaped lobes, which are 
fawed on their edges •, they are of a pale green, and a 
little hairy. The flowers grow on a flender foot-ftalk, 
juft at the divifion of the foot-ftalks, which fuftain the 
leaves, and are formed into a fmall umbel at the 
top *, they are of an herbaceous yellow colour, com- 
pofed of five fmall petals which are recurved. Thefe 
appear the beginning of June, and are fucceeded by 
compreffed heart-lhaped berries, which are firft green, 
but afterward turn red, inclofing two hard, com- 
preffed, heart-lhaped feeds, which ripen the begin- 
ning of Auguft. 
The Chinefe hold this plant in great efteem, accord- 
ing to the accounts which have been tranfmitted to 
Europe by the miflionaries. Father Jartoux in his 
Letters fays, that the moft eminent phyficians in Chi- 
na have written whole volumes upon the virtues of 
this plant, and make it an ingredient in almoft all 
remedies which they give to their nobility, for it is 
of too high price for the common people. They af- 
firm, that it is a fovereign remedy for all weaknefs oc- 
cafioned by exceflive fatigues either of body or mind; 
that it cures weaknefs of the lungs, and the pleurify ; 
that it flops vomitings ; that it {Lengthens the fto- 
mach, and helps the appetite; that it {Lengthens 
the vital fpirits, and increafes lymph in the blood ; 
in Ihort, that it is good againft dizzinefs of the 
head and dimnefs of fight, and that it prolongs life in 
old age. 
This father all'o fays, he has made trials of the root 
of this plant himfelf, and has, in an hour after tak- 
ing half one of the roots, found himfelf greatly reco- 
vered from wearinefs and fatigue, and much more 
vigorous, and could bear labour with greater cafe 
than before. 
PAN 
He iikewife mentions the emperor’s having employed 
ten thoufand Tartars in the year 1709, to gather this 
plant in the defarts, where it naturally grows ; thefd 
were attended by a guard of mandarines, who encamp 
with their tents in fuch places as are proper for the 
fubfiftence of their horfes, and from time to time fend 
their orders to the relpedive troops under their Care ; 
and when they have completed their eolledion of 
roots, they return with their cargo to the city. The 
roots of this plant which have been gathered in Ame- 
rica and brought to England, have been fent to Chi- 
na, where, at the beginning, there was a good mar- 
ket for them ; but the quantities which were after- 
ward fent, did not anfwer fo well, the market being 
overftocked with that commodity. 
This plant has been introduced to the Englifh gar- 
dens from America, and where it has been planted in 
a fhady fituation and a light foil, the plants have 
thriven and produced flowers, and ripened their feeds 
annually, but not one of thefe feeds have grown ; for 
I have feveral years fown them foon after they were 
ripe, without any fuccefs ; I have alfo fown of the 
feeds which were fent me from America feveral times 
in various fituations, and have not raifed a Angle plant 
from either ; and by the accounts which the miftiona- 
ries have fent from China, it appears, they have had 
no better fuccefs with the feeds of this plant, which 
they fay they have frequently fown in the gardens in 
China, but could not raife one plant ; fo that I believe 
there is a neceflity for the hermaphrodite plants to 
have fome male plants ftand near them, to render the 
feeds prolific ; for all thofe plants which I have feen, 
or faved the feeds from, were fuch as had hermaphro- 
dite flowers ; and though the feeds feemed to ripen 
perfe&ly, yet their not growing, though I have wait- 
ed three years without difturbing of the ground, con- 
firms me in this opinion. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in the fame coun- 
tries, but whether it is poffeffed of the fame qualities 
as the firft I cannot fay ; I have feen but one plant of 
this fort in England, which was fent me a few years 
ago from Maryland, and did not live over the firft 
fummer, which was remarkably dry, and being plant- 
ed in a dry foil, was the occafion of its death ; thd 
ftalk of this was Angle, and did not rife more than 
five inches high, dividing into three foot-ftalks, each 
fuftaining a trifoliate leaf, whofe lobes were longer, 
narrower, and deeper indented on their edges, than 
thofe of the former. The flower-ftalk rofe from the 
divifions 'of the foot-ftalk of the leaves, but before 
the flowers opened, the plant decayed, fo I can give 
no farther account of it. 
PANCRATIUM. Dill. Hort. Elth. 221. fol. 289. 
Lin. Gen. Plant. 365. Narciffus. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 
353. tab. 185. Sea Daffodil. 
The Characters are. 
The flowers are inclofed in an oblong flpatha or flheath, 
which tears open on the fide and withers. The flowers 
have a funnel-Jhaped cylindrical nediarium of one leaf, 
fpreading open at the top, and fix fpear-fhaped petals , 
which are inferted on the outfide of the nediarium above 
its bafe, with fix long Jlamina inferted in the brim of the 
ne Star ium, terminated by oblong proftrate fummits. They 
have a three-cornered obtufe germen Jituated under the 
flower , fupporting a long flender ftyle , crowned by an ob- 
tufe ftigma. The germen afterward becomes a roundijh 
three-cornered capfule with three cells, filled with globu- 
lar feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feftion of 
Linnaeus’s fixth clafs, which includes thofe plants 
whofe flowers have fix ftamina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Pancratium (Maritinmm) fpatha multiflora, petalis 
planis, foliis lingulatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 291. Pan- 
cratium with a Jheath containing many flowers, having 
plain petals, and tongue-flhaped leaves. Narciffus mari- 
timus. C. B. P. 540. The Sea Daffodil. 
2. Pancratium ( Illyricum ) fpatha multiflora, foliis en-- 
fiformibus, ftaminibus nedario longioribus. Flor. 
Leyd. Prod. 34. Pancratium with many flowers in a 
9 U (heathy 
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