PAP 
The fourth fort grows naturally in both Indies ; this 
hath a ftrong Reed-like ftalk, which rifeS fix or feven 
feet high, garni died with leaves more than three feet 
long •, they are near three inches broad at their bafe, 
leffening to a point at the end, having a fmooth fur- 
face ; the fpikes arife at the wings of the ftalk •, they 
are fmgle, but not fo compact as thofe of the for- 
mer, having foft awns or beards ; they are about fix 
inches long, and hand upon very long foot-ftalks ; 
the grain of this is pretty large. 
The fifth fort grows naturally in Peru ; this rifes with 
a Reed-like ftalk fix feet high, which fends out two 
or three branches from the fides, and is garniftied 
with long leaves two inches broad at their bafe ; the 
(talks are of a purple colour, the leaves are alfo 
inclining to the fame. The fpikes come out from the 
wings of the (talks, and at the end of the branches ; 
they are about four or five inches long, thicker than 
a man’s thumb, and almoft equal at the point with 
the bafe. They are of a pale blue colour, having 
pretty long awns or beards of the fame colour, as are 
alfo the feeds, which are larger and rounder than thofe 
of the other forts. 
The two firft forts are fown in feveral parts of Eu- 
rope in the fields, as Corp, for the fuftenance of the 
inhabitants, but it is reckoned not to afford fo good 
nourifhment as Millet-, however, it is frequently ufed 
in fome parts of Germany and Italy, to make cakes 
and bread, but the German is not fo much efteemed 
as the Italian fort ; but as it will ripen better in cold 
countries than that, it is generally cultivated where 
a better fort of grain will not fucceed. 
The feeds of this fort may be fown in the fpring, 
at the fame time as Barley is fown, and may be ma- 
naged exadly in the fame way ; but this (hould not 
be fown too thick, for thefe feeds are very fmall, and 
the plants grow ftronger, therefore require more room. 
The German fort doth not grow above three feet high, 
unlefs it is fown on very rich land, in which cafe it 
will rife to be four feet high; but the leaves and items 
of this Corn are very large, fo require to ftand four 
or five inches apart, otherwife they will grow up weak 
and come to little. Thefe large growing Corns fhould 
be fown in drills at about eighteen inches apart, fo 
that the ground may be hoed between the rows of 
Corn, to keep them clear from weeds, and the ftir- 
ring of the ground will greatly improve the Corn. In 
Auguft the Corn will ripen, when it may be cut down 
and dried, and then (hould be honied. 
The Italian Panic grows much larger than the Ger- 
man, and produces much larger fpikes ; fo this fhould 
be allowed more room to grow, otherwife it will come 
to little. This is alfo later before it ripens, fo it is 
not very proper for cold countries. 
The other forts are natives of very warm countries, 
where they are ufed by the inhabitants to make bread. 
Thefe grow very large, and require a good fummer, 
otherwife they will not ripen in this country. The 
feeds of this kind fhould be fown the latter end of 
March or the beginning of April, on a moderate hot- 
bed, and the plants fhould be planted out when 
grown to a proper fize, upon a bed of light rich earth, 
in a warm (filiation. They fhould be planted in rows 
about three feet afunder, and the plants muft be kept 
clear from weeds. When the plants are grown pretty 
tall, they fhould be fupported by (takes, otherwife 
the winds will break them down and when the Corn 
begins to ripen, the birds muft be kept from it, 
otherwife they will loon deftroy it. Thefe forts are 
preferved in fome curious gardens for the fake of va- 
riety, but they are not worth cultivating for ufc in 
England. The two laft forts feldom ripen here. 
P A IN S I E'S. See Viola Tricolor. 
PAP AVER. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 2. tab. 119. Lin. 
Gen. Plant. 573. Poppy-, in French, Pavot. 
The Characters are. 
The etnpalement of the flower is aval , indented , and com- 
pofed o f two almoft oval , concave , ohtufe leaves , which 
fall off . The flower has four large roundijh petals which 
fpread open, with a great number of hair-like famines , 
PAP 
terminated hy oblong, comprejfed , erect fummits. In the 
center is placed a large roundijh germen having no ftyle , 
but is crowned by a plain , radiated , target-flsaped ftigma. 
The germen afterward becomes a large capfule , crozvned 
by the plain ftigma , having one cell , opening in many 
places at the top under the crown , and is filled with fmall 
feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedion 
of Linnaeus’s thirteenth clafs, which includes thofe 
plants whofe flowers have many ftamina and one 
germen. 
The Species are, 
1. Papaver ( Rbceas ) capfulis glabris globofis, caule 
pilofo multifloro, foliis pinnatifidis incifis. Lin. Sp. 
Plant. 507. Poppy with fmooth globular heads , a hairy 
ftalk with many flowers, and wing-pointed cut leaves. 
Papaver erraticum, rubrum, campeftre. J. B. 3. 395. 
Common red field Poppy. 
2. Papaver (Hybridum) capfulis fubglobofis torofis hif- 
pidis, caule foliofo multifloro. Lin. Sp. Plant. 50 6. 
Poppy with globular capfules which are furrowed and 
prickly , and a leafy Jlalk bearing many flowers. Arge- 
mone capitulo breviore hifpido. J. B. 3. 396. Arge- 
mone with a fhorter prickly head. 
3. Papaver ( Argemone ) capfulis clavatis hifpidis, caule 
foliofo multifloro. Lin. Sp. Plant. 506. Poppy with 
nail-Jhaped prickly heads , and a leafy jlalk bearing many 
flowers. Papaver erraticum, capite longiore hifpido. 
Tourn. Inft. 238. Field Poppy with a longer prickly head. 
4. Papaver ( Alpinum ) capfula hifpida, fcapo unifloro 
nudo hifpido, foliis bipinnatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 507. 
Poppy with prickly heads , and a naked prickly Jlalk bear- 
ing one flower , and double winged leaves. Argemone 
Alpina coriandri folio. C. B. P. 172. Alpine Argemone 
with a Coriander leaf '. 
5. Papaver ( Cambricum ) capfulis glabris oblongis, caule 
multifloro lmvi, foliis pinnatis incifis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 
508. Poppy with oblong fmooth heads , a fmooth Jlalk 
bearing many flowers , and cut winged leaves. Papaver 
luteum perenne, laciniato folio, Cambrobritannicum. 
Raii Syn. Ed. 3. p. 309. Yellow, Welch, perennial 
Poppy, with a cut leaf. 
6 . Papaver ( Nudicaule ) capfulis hifpidis, fcapo uni- 
floro nudo hifpido, foliis fimplicibus pinnato-finua- 
tis. Hort. Upfal. 136. Poppy with prickly heads, a na- 
ked rough Jlalk having one flower, and fingle leaves which 
are wingedly finuated. Papaver erraticum, luteo flore, 
capite oblongo hifpido. Amman. Ruth. 61. Field 
Poppy with a yellow flower, and an oblong prickly head. 
7. Papaver ( Orientale ) capfulis glabris, caulibus uni- 
floris, fcabris, foliis pinnatis ferratis. Hort. Upfal. 
136. Poppy with fmooth heads , rough leafy ft alks having 
one flower, and flawed winged leaves. Papaver Orien- 
tale hirfutiffimum flore magno. Tourn. Cor. 17. Moft 
hairy eaftern Poppy with a large flower. 
8. Papaver. {Somniferum) calycibusVapfulifque glabris, 
foliis amplexicaulibus incifis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 508. 
Poppy with fmooth capfules and empalements , and cut leaves 
embracing the Jtalks. Papaver hortenfe nigro femine, 
fylveftre Diofcoridis, nigrum Plinii. C. B. P. 170. 
Garden Poppy with black feeds. 
9. Papaver {Album) capfulis ovatis glabris, foliis lati- 
oribus amplexicaulibus marginibus incifo-ferratis. 
Poppy with oval fmooth heads, and broader leaves em- 
bracing the Jlalks , which are cut on their edges like the 
teeth of a flaw. Papaver hortenfe, femine albo, fati- 
vum Diofcoridis, album Plinii. C. B. P. 170. Garden 
Poppy with white feeds, commonly called white Poppy. 
The firft fort is the common red Poppy, which 
grows naturally on arable land in moft parts of Eng- 
land ; from the flowers of this fort is drawn a Ample 
water, a tindure, a fyrup and conferve for medicinal 
ufe. It is an annual plant; from the roots rife feve- 
ral rough branching (talks a foot and a half high, 
garnifhed with hairy leaves five or fix inches long, 
deeply jagged almoft to the midrib, thofe on the 
lower part of the leaves being the deepeft ; thefe jags 
are oppofite and regular, like thofe of the winged 
leaves. At the top of each ftalk ftand the flowers, 
which have oval hairy empalements, opening with 
two 
