PAP 
two valves, and foon fall away. The flowers are 
compofed of four large roundifh petals, which are 
narrow at their bafe, but fpread out into a circular or- 
der ; they are of a beautiful lcarlet colour, and foon 
fall off. Thefe appear in June, and are fucceeded by 
oblong fmooth heads, crowned by the flat target- 
fhaped ftigma, and perforated in feveral places at the 
top, filled with fmall purplifli-coloured feeds. There 
are feveral varieties of this with double flowers, culti- 
tivated in gardens ; fome of them have white flowers, 
others have red flowers bordered with white, and 
fome have variegated flowers * but as thefe varieties 
have been produced by culture from the feeds of the 
common fort, they (hould be included in that fpecies. 
The fecond fort grows naturally among the Corn in 
many parts of England ■, the leaves of this fort are 
much fmaller than thofe of the firft, and are cut into 
much finer fegments ; the (talks are (lender, a little 
more than a foot high, not l'o branching as the for- 
mer. The flowers are not fo large, and of a deep 
purple colour, very foon falling away* feldom lading 
more than a whole day ; thefe are fucceeded by ob- 
long prickly heads, filled with fmall black feeds. It 
flowers in June. 
The third fort grows naturally among Corn in fome 
parts of England, but not in fo great plenty as either 
of the former. The leaves of this are finer cut and 
fmaller than thofe of the firft fort, but are not fo fine 
as thofe of the fecond * the (talks do not rife fo high as 
either of the former, and feldom have many branches. 
The flowers are not half fo large as either of the for- 
mer, and are of a copper colour, falling away in a 
few hours. Thefe appear in May, and are fucceeded 
by long, (lender, prickly heads, which are channelled* 
filled with fmall, black, (hrivelled feeds. 
The fourth fort grows naturally on the Alps, among 
the rocks. The leaves of this are fmooth and doubly 
winged, the fegments are finely cut ; the (talks rife 
about a foot high, fuftaining one fmall yellow, or cop- 
per-coloured flower, which is fucceeded by roundiih 
prickly heads, filled with fmall feeds. This flowers 
abour the fame time as the former fort. 
The fifth fort has a perennial root; it grows na- 
turally in Wales, and alfo in fome of the northern 
counties in England. I found it growing plentifully 
near Kirby-Lonfdale in Weftmoreland. Tournefort 
alfo found this plant upon the Pyrenean mountains^ 
The leaves of this fort are winged ; the lobes are 
deeply cut on their edges. The (talks rife a foot 
high ; they are fmooth, and are garnifhed with a few 
fmall leaves of the fame (hape as the lower. The up- 
per part of the (talk is naked, fuftaining one large yel- 
low flower. Thefe appear in June, and are fucceeded 
by oblong fmooth capfules, filled with fmall purplifh 
feeds. 
The fixth fort grows naturally on the confines of Ruf- 
fia, near Tartary. The leaves of this fort are Angle, 
and finuated almoft to the midrib in form of a winged 
leaf ; they are rough and hairy. The (talk rifes near 
two feet high ; it is (lender, naked, fuftaining one 
flower at the top, which is compofed of four roundifli 
petals of a pale yellow colour, each having a dark 
bottom or tail. The flowers have an agreeable fcent, 
but are of (hort duration. They come out in June, 
and are fucceeded by long rough capfules, filled with 
fmall feeds. 
The feventh fort grows naturally in Armenia, from 
whence Dr. Tournefort fent the feeds to the royal 
gardens at Paris, where they fucceeded, and were af- 
terward communicated to the curious gardens in Eng- 
land and Holland. The root of this plant is com- 
pofed of two or three ftrong fibres as thick as a man’s 
little finger, which are a foot and a half long, of a 
dark brown on their outfide, and full of a milky juice, 
which is very bitter and acrid. The leaves are 
winged, and fawed on their edges ; they are a foot 
long, clofely covered with briftly white hairs. The 
ilalks rife two feet and a half high; they are 
very rough and hairy, garnifhed below with leaves 
like thofe at bottom, but fmaller ; the upper part is 1 
P A P 
naked, fuftaining at the top one very large flower, of 
the fame colour with the common red Poppy. Thefe 
appear in May, and are fucceeded by oval fmooth 
capfules, filled with purplifh feeds. 
There are two or three varieties of this which differ 
only in the colour of their flowers ; and I have been 
informed, there is a double flower of this kind, but 
I have not feen it. Tournefort fays, the Turks eat the 
green heads of this Poppy, although they are very bit- 
ter and acrid. 
The eighth fort is the common black Poppy, the 
feeds of which are fold in the (hops by the title of 
Maw-feed. The fort with Angle flowers grows in the 
warm parts of Europe naturally ; this is annual ; the 
(talks rife three feet high ; they are fmooth, and divide 
into feveral branches, and are garnifhed with large 
leaves* which are fmooth, and deeply cut or jagged 
on their edges, embracing the (talks with their bafe. 
The flowers grow on the top of the (talks ; they are 
compofed of four large roundifh petals of a purplifh 
colour, with dark bottoms, and are fucceeded by oval 
fmooth capfules filled with black feeds. It flowers in 
June, and the feeds ripen the latter end of AugufL 
There are great varieties in the flowers of this fort, 
fome having very large double flowers, which are va- 
riegated of feveral colours ; fome are red and white, 
others purple and white, and fome are finely (potted 
like Carnations ; fo that during their fhort continu- 
ance in flower* there are few plants whofe flowers ap- 
pear fo beautiful ; but having an offenfive feent, and 
being of fhort duration* they are not much regarded. 
The leaves .of this fort are ufed as an ingredient in 
cooling ointments ; and the heads of this were an in- 
gredient in the fyrupus e Melonio, but in the late 
Difpenfaries they have been left out. 
The ninth fort is the common white Poppy ; this is 
cultivated in gardens for the heads, which are ufed in 
medicine. The (talks of this are large, fmooth, and 
rife to the height of five or fix feet ; they branch out 
into feveral fmaller, garnifhed with large grayiih leaves, 
whofe bafe embraces the (talks ; they are jagged ir- 
regularly on their (ides. The flowers terminate the 
(talks ; thefe* when inclofed in the empalement, nod 
downward, but before the flowers open they are 
ere£t. The empalement of the flower is compofed 
of two large oval leaves, of the fame grayifh colour 
as the other ; thele feparate and foon drop off. The 
flower is cpmpofed of four large, roundifh, white pe- 
tals, which are of fhort duration, and are fucceeded 
by large roundifh heads as big as Oranges, flatted at 
both ends, having indented crowns, and are filled 
with fmall white feeds. This flowers in June, and 
the feeds ripen in Auguft. 
There are feveral varieties of this fort, which differ 
in the colour of their flowers and multiplicity of pe- 
tals ; thofe with beautiful flowers are preferved in 
gardens for ornament, but that with the Angle flowers 
only is cultivated for ufe. The feeds of this fort are 
ufed in emulfions, being cooling, and good in fevers 
and inflammatory diftempers, as alfo for the ftran- 
gury and heat of the urine. Of the dry heads in- 
fufed and boiled in water, is made the diacodium cf 
the (hops. 
It has been generally fuppofed, that from the heads 
of this fort of Poppy the opium is extracted ; but one 
of the heads which I have by me, from which opium 
had been extra&ed in T urkey, is of a different (hape 
from thofe of this fort. 
All the forts of Poppy are propagated by feeds, but 
the fifth and feventh forts, which have perennial roots, 
may be alfo propagated by offsets. The belt time for 
fowing the feeds is in September, when they will 
more certainly grow than thofe which are fown in the 
fpring ; and thofe forts which are annual will make 
larger plants, and flower better than when they are 
fown in the fpring. The belt way is to fow the feeds 
of the annual kinds in the places where they are to re- 
main, and to thin the plants where they aretoociofe; 
thofe of the large kinds fhould not be left nearer to 
each other than a foot and a half* and the fmaller 
9 X , forts 
