PAS 
pratenfe album, which is commonly known by the 
names of White Dutch Clover, or White Honey- 
fuckle Grafs. Eight pounds cf this feed will be 
enough for one acre of land. The Grafs-feed fhould 
be fown fir ft, and then the Dutch Clover-feed may- 
be afterward fown ; but they fhould not be mixed 
together, becaufe the Clover-leeds being the heavieft, 
will fall to the bottom, and confequently the ground 
will be unequally fown with them. 
After the feeds are fown, the ground fhould be 
lightly harrowed to bury the feeds ; but this fhould be 
performed with a fhort-toothed harrow, otherwife the 
feeds will be buried too deep. Two or three days af- 
ter fowing, if the furface of the ground is dry, it 
fhould be rolled with a Barley roller to break the clods 
and fmooth the ground, which will fettle it, and pre- 
vent the feeds from being removed by the wind. 
When the feeds are come up, if the land fhould pro- 
duce many weeds, thefe fhould be drawn out before 
they grow fo tall as to overbear the Grafs ; for where 
this has been neglecfted, the weeds have taken fuch 
poffeflion of the ground, as to keep down the Grafs 
and ftarve it ; and when thefe weeds have been fuf- 
fered to remain until they have fhed their feeds, the 
land has been fo plentifully flocked with them, as 
entirely to deftroy the Grafs •, therefore it is one. of 
the principal parts of hufbandry, never to fuffer weeds 
to grow on the land. 
If the ground is rolled two or three times at proper 
diftances after the Grafs is up, it will prefs down the 
Grafs, and caufe it to make a thicker bottom ; for as 
the Dutch Clover will put out roots from every joint 
of the branches which are near the ground, fo by 
prefllng down the ftalks, the roots will mat fo clofely 
together, as to form a fward fo thick as to cover the 
whole furface of the ground, and form a green car- 
pet, which will better refift the drought. For if we 
do but examine the common Paftures in fummer (in 
mod of which there are patches of this White Lloney- 
fuckle Grafs growing naturally) we fhall find thefe 
patches to be the only verdure remaining in the fields. 
And this the farmers in general acknowledge, is the 
fweeteft feed for all forts of cattle, yet never had any 
notion of propagating it by feeds till of late years. 
Nor has this been long pradtifed in England ; for till 
within a few years, that fome curious perlons imported 
the feed from Brabant, where it had been long culti- 
vated, there was not any of the feeds laved in Eng- 
land though now there are feveral perfons who fave 
the feeds here, which fucceed full as well as any of 
the foreign feeds which are imported. 
As this White Clover is an abiding plant, fo it is cer- 
tainly the very bell fort to fow where Paftures are laid 
down to remain •, for as the hay-feeds which are taken 
from the beft Paftures, will be compofed of various 
forts of Grafs, lome of which may be but annual and 
others biennial, fo when thofe go off, there will be 
many and large patches of ground left bare and naked, 
if there is not a fufficient quantity of the White Clover 
to lpread over and cover the land. Therefore a good 
fward can never be expedled where this is not fown ; 
for in molt of the natural Paftures, we find this plant 
makes no fmall fhare of the fward •, and it is equally 
good for wet and dry land, growing naturally upon 
gravel and clay in mo ft parts of England ; which is a 
plain indication how eafily this plant may be cultivated 
to great advantage, in molt forts of land throughout 
this kingdom. 
Therefore the true caufe why the land which is in til- 
lage is not brought to a good turf again, in the ufual 
method of hulbandry is, from the farmers not diftin- 
guilhing which Graffes are annual, from thofe which 
are perennial ; for if annual or biennial Graffes are 
fown, thefe will of courfe foon decay •, fo that unlefs 
where fome of their feeds may have ripened and fallen, 
nothing can be expedled on the land but what will 
naturally come up. Therefore this, together with the 
covetous method of laying down the ground with a 
crop of Corn, has occafioned the general failure of 
increafing the Failure in many parts of England, 
P A V 
where it is now much more valuable than any arable 
land. 
After the ground has been fown in the manner before 
diredted, and brought to a good fward, the way to 
preferve it good is, by conftantly rolling the ground 
with a heavy roller, every fpring and autumn, as hath 
been before di reeled. This piece of hufbandry is 
rarely pradtifed by farmers, but thofe who do, find 
their account in it, for it is of great benefit to the 
Grafs. Another thing fhould alfo be carefully per- 
formed, which is, to cut up Docks, Dandelion, Knap- 
weed, and all fuch bad v/eeds, by their roots, every 
fpring and autumn ; this will increafe the quantity of 
good Grafs, and preferve the Paftures in beauty* 
Drefiing of thefe Paftures every third year, is alfo a 
good piece of hufbandry, for otherwife it cannot be 
expedted the ground fhould continue to produce good 
crops. Befides this, it will be necefiary to change 
the feafons of mowing, and not to mow the fame 
ground every year, but to mow one feafon, and feed 
the next ; for where the ground is every year mown, 
it muff be conftantly drefted, as mofc of the Grafs 
grounds near London, otherwife the ground will be 
foon exhaufted. 
Of late years there has been an emulation, efpecially 
among gentlemen, to improve their Paftures, by fow- 
ing feveral forts of Grafs-feeds * and there have been 
fome perfons of little fkill in thefe matters, who have 
impofed on many ignorant people, by felling them 
feeds of lome foreign Grafs, recommending them for 
fome particular quality, but when tried have proved 
of little worth, whereby they have loft a feafon or 
two, and have had their work to begin again. There- 
fore I would ad vile every perfon, not to truil too 
much upon the faith of fuch practitioners, who, upon, 
flight experiments, have ventured to recommend 
without judgment ; for of all the forts of Grafs-feeds 
which have been brought from America (of which I 
have, at various times, fown more than a hundred 
different fpecies) I have found none equal to the com- 
mon Poa Grafs, which grows naturally in England, 
either for duration or verdure j therefore that, and 
about fix or feven other forts, are the beft worth cul- 
tivating but the trouble of collecting thefe in quan- 
tity is lb great, as to deter molt people from attempt- 
ing it •, and in the purchafing of hay-feeds, there is 
generally more feeds of weeds than Grafs, which will 
fill the ground ; therefore for fome years paft, I have 
recommended and fown only the White Dutch Clo- 
ver-feeds, and have waited for the natural Grafs com- 
ing up amongft it, and have generally fucceeded better 
this way than by fowing hay-feed with it •, for if the 
Pafture is duly weeded, rolled, and dreffed, all bad 
weeds may be deftroyed, and a fine durable turf ob- 
tained : whereas the Burnet, and many other plants, 
which have been extolled as a good winter pabulum, 
are of fhort duration, fo very improper for improving 
land ; nor are there two better plants yet known for 
the purpoie of fodder, than the Lucern and Saint- 
foin j for where thefe are properly fown upon rierht 
foils and duly cultivated, they will produce a much 
greater quantity of food, than can be procured from 
the fame quantity of land, fown with any other abid- 
ing plant : therefore I wifti. thofe who are curious to 
have much fodder for their cattle, to apply themfelves 
to the culture of thefe, and not engage in uncertain 
experiments. 
PAVIA. Boerh. Ind. alt. 2. p. 260. Efculus. Lin. 
Gen. Plant. 420. The Tcarlet, flowering, Horfe 
Cheftnut. 
The Characters are. 
The flower has a fl mall bellied empalenient of one leaf. \ in- 
dented in five parts at the top. The flower has five 
roundifh petals, waved and plaited on their borders , and 
narrow at their bafie , where they are inferted in the eni- 
palement. It hath eight fit antina which are declined , and 
as long as the petals , terminated by rifling fummits ; and 
a roundifh germen fitting upon an awl-flhaped fiyle, crowned 
by an acuminated fiigma. The germen af terward becomes 
an ovafl Peaf-fleaped, leathery capfuls with three cells , 
10 A in 
