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they arc obliged to lead them upright, which produces j 
the before-mentioned ill effedl. 
There may be alfo fome perfons, who may think this . 
affiance too final! for thefe trees, becaufe Plums, - 
Cherries, and .moft other forts of fruit-trees require 
much more room ; but when it is comidered, that 
Peach and Nedlarine-i trees produce their fruit only 
upon the former year’s wood, and not upon fpurs, 
as Cherries, Plums, and Pears do, fa that the (hoots 
of thefe trees muft be annually ilaortened in every part 
of them to obtain bearing wood , therefore the trees 
may be kept in much Ids corn pais than thole of any 
other fort of fruit, and thereby every part of the 
wall may be conftantlyfuppHed with bearing branches-, 
•for when the trees are planted at a great diftance, the 
branches are often extended to fuch lengths as to leave 
the middle of the trees naked, for there are never any 
good (hoots produced from the old branches of thefe 
trees. 
And here 1 cannot help taking notice of another very 
great error in planting of wall-fruit, which is the 
placing ftandard or half ftandard trees between the 
others, to cover the upper part of the wall, and to 
produce fruit, until the trees underneath are grown 
up fufficient to furniSli the walls, when the ftandards 
are to be taken away. This is done, without confi- 
dering that the greater number of trees which are 
planted in a frnall compafs, the lefs nouriftiment they 
can receive, and fo confequently muft be the weaker, 
for the fame fpace of ground cannot nourifh twenty 
trees equally as well as it could ten ; fo that whatever 
ftrength the ftandard-trees may have, the dwarfs will 
be proportionably weaker and it is a common obfer- 
vation, that moft trees extend their roots as far under 
ground, as their^ branches fpread above ground ; fo 
that there (hould always be the fame allowance given 
to the wall-trees, if we would have them ftrong and 
vigorous ; therefore the building very high walls for 
fruit, unlefs for Pears, is to no purpofe, for a ten or 
twelve feet wall will be fufficient for moft forts of 
fruit. I have feen gardens planted with fruit-trees 
by perfons of great efteem for their (kill in this art, 
where Peach and Neftarine -trees have been placed 
ygainft walls expofed to the eaft and weft, but could 
never fee any of the fruit on thofe trees come to per- 
fection for which reafon I would caution ;e very p.er- 
fon never to follow fuch examples, becaufe it is well 
known, that the belt afpeded walls do barely ripen 
many of the latter Peaches fome years •, therefore the 
only afped to which thefe trees (hould be expofed, is 
fouth, or with a point or two to the eaft, and fome 
forts may do well if they are a point or two to the 
weft. 
In the difpofition of the trees, it will not be amifs 
to plant thofe forts of Peaches near each other, which 
ripen about the fame time •, for by fo doing, the fruit 
may be the better guarded from men and infeds, and 
this will five a great deal of trouble in gathering of 
the fruit V for if a perfon is obliged to go from one 
part of the garden to the other, or perhaps to look 
over all the walls of the garden every time the fruit 
is gathered, it is a great lofs of time, which may be 
avoided by this hr ft care in planting the trees. 
But to return to planting * after you have marked 
out the places where each tree is to ftand, you muft 
with your lpade make a hole wide enough to receive 
the roots of the tree then you (hould place it down, 
obferving to turn the bud outwards, that the wounded 
part of the flock may be hid from fight ; and let the 
Item of the tree be placed about four or five inches 
from the wail, with its head inclining thereto 5 then 
fill in the earth with your hands, obferving to break 
the clods, that the earth may fall in between the 
roots, fo as no void fpaces may be left about them. 
You (hould alfo gently (hake the tree with your hands, 
to fettle the earth down the better between the roots ; 
then with your foot gently prefs down the earth about 
the ftem, but do not tread it down too hard, which is 
many times a very great fault for when the ground 
is inclinable to bind, the treading it- clofe doth often 
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render the ground' fo hard, as that the tender- fibres, 
of the roots cannot ftrike into it, whereby the tree 
remains at a ftand for iome time 5 and if the earth 
be not loofened in time, it frequently dies ; io that 
whenever you obferve tire earth of your borders to be 
bound, either by great rains, or from any other 
caufe, you, (hould dig or fork it, to loofen it again, 
obferving always to do it in dry weather, if in winter 
or fpring but in fummer it (hould be done in a modi 
feafon. 
Although I, have here given diredlions for the choice 
of trees from the nurfery, after the ufual method of 
planting thefe trees, which is that of taking fuch as 
have made one year’s (hoot, yet I would prefer thofe 
which were budded the preceding fummer, and have 
made no (hoot; for if the bud is found and plump, 
and the bark of the (lock well clofed where the bud^is 
inferred, there will be no danger of its growing ; and 
when the bud has made a (hoot the following fpring 
the length of five or fix inches, if it is (topped by 
pinching off the top, it will put out lateral branches, 
which may be trained to the wall, and this will prevent 
any cutting off the head, as muft be done to thofe 
trees which have had one year’s growth in the nur- 
fery for thefe trees do not care for thofe large ampu- 
tations, efpecially fome of the more tender forts ; fo 
by this method of planting thefe trees in bud, no time 
will be loft, when it is confidered that the trees which 
have (hot muft be cut down, and there is a hazard of 
their (hooting again; therefore I arn convinced from 
experience, that it is the bed method. 
After you have thus planted your trees, which have 
made their (hoots in the nurfery, you (hould fallen 
their heads to the wall, to prevent their being (haken 
by the wind, which would difturb their roots, and 
break off the tender fibres foon after they were pro- 
duced, to the no frnall prejudice of the trees; you 
(hould alfo lay fome mulch upon the furface of the 
ground about their roots, before the froft fets in, to 
prevent it from penetrating the ground, which would 
injure, if not deftroy, the frnall fibres ; but this mulch 
fhould not be laid upon the ground too early, left 
it prevent the autumnal rains from penetrating to the 
roots. 
Thefe things being duly obferved, they will, require 
no farther care till the beginning or middle of March, 
according as the feafon is earlier or later ; when you 
muft cut off the heads of the new planted trees, leav- 
ing only four or five eyes above the bud ; in doing of 
which, you muft be very careful not to difturb their 
roots ; to prevent which, you fhould place your foot 
down clofe to the ftem of the tree, and take fall hold 
of that part of the (lock below the bud with one 
hand, to hold it fteady, while with the other hand 
you gently (lope off the head of the tree with a (harp 
knife at the intended place, which (hould always be 
juft above a bud ; this (hould always be done in dry- 
weather, for if there (hould be much rain foon after 
it is done, there will be fome danger that the wet will 
enter the wounded part, and damage the tree ; nor 
(hould it be done in froily weather for the fame rea- 
fon, for that would enter the wounded part and pre- 
vent its healing over. Afteryou have headed the trees, 
you (hould gently loofen the earth of the borders, to 
admit the fibres of the roots ; but you muft be very 
careful in doing of this, not to cut or bruife their new 
roots, which would alfo damage them ; and if the 
mulch which was laid about their roots in autumn be 
rotten, you may dig it into the border at fome dif- 
tance from the roots of the trees ; and when the dry 
weather comes on, you (hould pare off fome turf from 
a pafture ground, which (hould be laid upon the fur- 
face of the border about the roots of the trees, turn- 
ing the Grais downward, which will preferve a gentle 
moifture in the earth, better than any other fort of 
mulch ; and this will not harbour infedts, as moft 
forts of dung and litter do, to the no frnall detriment 
of the trees. 
Thofe trees which are planted in bud, and have not 
made any (hoots, (hould have their (locks cut down 
at 
