164 
The Shawk sandstones are well seen at Westward Chapel 
near Wigton, West Newton, near Aspatria, near Allonby, and 
to the north of Maryport, and after the Mary port, Working- 
ton, and Whitehaven coalfield is passed, they appear again 
to the south on the coast, in the magnificent promontory of 
St. Bees Head, and continue southward certainly to Nether- 
ton, Seascales, Gosforth, and Drigg Cross, and probably, as 
Professor Sedgwick suggests, into Furness. 
On the north of the Solway the permian strata on the 
opposite side of the Yale of Eden are well exposed near 
Biddings Junction, on the Waverley line of railway, about 
Carwinlay, Moat, and Canobie, and the range of the Moat 
sandstone (the same age as that of Shawk) by Glenzier Quarry, 
Cove, near Kirkpatrick Fleming, above Annan, on to Dum- 
fries, is well marked. 
In addition to a description of several permian sections at 
Penton, Biddings, Carwinlay Burn, Barrow Mouth, and 
Ben How, two sections were given, which showed the occur- 
rence of the upper coal measures, similar to those described 
by the author some years since in the valley of the Ayr, near 
Catrine, and thus rendering it extremely probable that such 
coal measures extend under the valleys of the Eden and the 
Esk, their southern outcrop being exposed in the Baw Beck, 
south of Dalston, and their northern outcrop at Canobie. 
These carboniferous strata may not be rich in coal, but they 
contain the limestone of Ardwick, Leebotwood, and Balloch- 
moyle Braes (formerly termed a freshwater one), and show a 
great development of coal measures, which are useful to be 
known if it be only to show the depth that has to be sunk 
through before the middle and profitable coalfields of White- 
haven and Canobie can be reached. This portion of the coal 
measures both in Scotland and the north-west of England 
has generally been termed permian, and summarily dismissed 
as unprofitable “red measures,” In the Author’s paper on 
