167 
upper coal measures, or in tracing their boundary upwards 
into the trias, there is greater difficulty, as natural sections 
showing the passage of one into the other are not often met 
with ; but he considers the soft red sandstone of Longtown, 
West Linton, ItocklifFe, and Dalston to be of triassic age and 
covered by the waterstones and red marls of Carlisle, and 
these, in their turn to the west, overlaid by the lias of 
Quarry Gill and Oughterby. 
The Knotty Holm sandstone and a similar rock at Penton, 
especially in their lower portions, reminded him of the White- 
haven sandstone, and it is possible that they may be of the 
same geological age as that rock, but for the present he has 
included them in upper coal measures. 
In the valleys of the Esk and Liddel he described some 
interesting permian sections, and detailed at length the 
particulars of the strata found over a distance of above twenty 
miles from the upper coal measures at Canobie to the same 
beds, as seen in [the Paw Beck, near Dalston, wlier ethe 
following strata are met with, viz. : — 
ft. in. 
1. Bed and variegated clays 13 1 
2. Bed of limestone with sjnrorbis & c 1 0 
3. Bed clays 10 0 
4. Purple shales containing stigmaria 80 0 
5. Soft red sandstone -10 0 
6. Purple shales 10 2 
After tracing the Shawk sandstone by Westward Chapel, 
Wigton, West Newton, near Allonby, to Maryport, he passed 
over the West Cumberland coal field, and followed it by St. 
Bees to the south of Cumberland, as far as Dngg Cross. 
He described at length the permian strata of Barrow Mouth 
and Ben How, south of Whitehaven. At the foimer place 
the beds occurred in the following descending order, viz. 
