4 
with carbonate of lime from the sides. The bones num- 
bered in all many thousands, and ot teeth more than 500 
were obtained. 
The accumulation of these bones must have been a work 
of time. It is clear that those encrusted with stalagmite 
must have lain exposed for some tolerably lengthy poriod* 
As to the loam itself, it bears all the characteristics of being 
formed from the sub-serial disintegration of the rocks im- 
mediatel}^ around. Moreover, all the included rocks being 
angular and of limestone have evidently fallen in from those 
above. There is no reason to suppose that the washing 
and wearing of the sandstones and shales of Mam Tor have 
had an}dhing to do with it ; on the contrary, the deposit is 
just like those in fissures, which are not near the Yoredale 
rocks, and very unlike the debris from Mam Tor in the 
Castleton valley. In fact, there is a slope of the limestone 
tov/ards the place, but certainly there is no trace of the 
rapid action of water or of any drifting. 
I should be inclined to say that this was probably in 
Pleistocene times a swampy drinking place. It is on the 
direct tract from the fertile valley of the Derwent (near 
which I have found traces of these and other Pleistocene 
animals) to the Cheshire plains. Probably large herds of 
bisons and reindeer passed the spot, in drinking some would 
fall in, some would be bogged, others might die in the 
vicinity and be washed in during rainy weather. The 
bears and the wolves probabfy attended to eat up the sickly 
ones and stragglers, just as such creatures do nowin Siberia. 
Some of the bones and antlers bear marks of gnawing, by 
what animal I do not offer any opinion, but they no doubt 
had lain on the surface of the ground when so gnawed. 
I should like to call attention to the absence of the 
rhinoceros, hysena, cave bear, and other animals at Windy 
Knoll, and also the diseased character of some of the bones. 
Also to the absence of the urns (hos primigenius). Mr, 
