6 
Derbyshire. The mean measurements of the teeth, (molar 
and canines,) in Mr. Pennington’s collection coincide, I may 
say, almost to a hair’s breadth, with the mean measurements 
of the fossil Grizzly Bear (f/rsits priscus) which Professor 
Busk has defined so admirably in his recent memoir on the 
animals found in the Brixham cave, and leave no room to 
doubt that the Bear of Windy Knoll belongs to that species 
or variety. If the Odontogigram of the dentition be com- 
pared with that published in the Philosophical Transactions 
1873, pi. 47, fig. 8, it will be seen that the agreement is exact. 
The Cave-bear, or, Ursus speloeits, is also stated by Mr- 
Plant, (Manchester Geological Transactions, xiii, 130 — 156)> 
to have been discovered in the Windy Knoll fissure, princi- 
pally on the fancied resemblance which a sacrum of a young 
animal bore to a sacrum in the Peel Park Museum, said to 
belong to Ursus speloeus, partly also on the stumps of 
two teeth, worthless for purposes of specific iudentifica- 
tion. I have carefully analysed this evidence, and on com- 
paring the sacrum in question with that of the ox and bear, 
I believe that it belongs to a young bison, and not to any 
carnivora. And, further, even if it belong to a bear, there 
is no evidence as to the species, because the specific char- 
acters of that bone in the fossil bears have not yet been 
ascertained. The researches of Professor Busk, during a 
long series of years, and my examination of the most 
important collections of fossil bears in this country and in 
France, prove that the determination of the species is a 
point of extreme difiiculty, and we are only able to detect 
characters of specific value in the heads and dentition. On 
this point I would refer to Professor Busk’s memoir, and to 
the vast collection at Toulouse. The Cave-bear, therefore 
of Windy Knoll, must be given up, as being based on a 
faulty determination. 
The net result of the examination of the whole group 
of remains is the conclusion that in the Pleistocene age 
great herds of bison and reindeer passed up from the 
valley of the Derwent into the plains of Cheshire, and 
that they were accompanied by grizzly bears, wolves, 
