75 
my eye ; and when we examined the stones lying about in 
the hollows we saw at once that a large number had been 
used in mining operations ; and of these, owing to the kind- 
ness of the manager and the captain of the mine, we w^ere 
able to secure thirty-five, which are now lodged in the 
Museum at the Owens College. 
Description of Tools. 
These mining tools are divisible into three classes : 1, the 
hammers with a simple groove round the middle for the re- 
tention of the withy which formed the handle ; 2, the 
hammers which besides this groove have one of their ends 
also grooved for the reception of another withy, and 
thus were prevented from slipping when a blow was struck ; 
and lastly, there were two implements which probably had 
been used as wedges, being possessed of an edge blunted by 
wear, and exhibiting marks of having been struck on the 
other. One of these has a surface which looks as if it had 
been glaciated, and the second, in shape very much like a 
celt, is remarkable for the clear evidence which its sur- 
face offers, that the groove around it for the reception of 
the withy was cut after the stone had been ground to its 
present shape, and probably long after, in consequence of the 
decomposition of the surface of grinding as compared with 
that of the groove. 
All these implements were derived from the ice-borne 
stones of the boulder clay, of which they were merely picked 
specimens which happened to be useful for the special 
purpose of mining. 
Tools found in old Surface Workings. 
Subsequently, in the autumn of 1874, many more speci- 
mens were obtained by Col. Lane Fox and myself through 
the kindness of Lord Stanley of Alderley and the manager 
of the mine, and we were able to make a careful examina- 
