78 
than has hitherto been known in the neighbourhood of 
Manchester — a phase which may point back to the bronze 
age, when the necessary copper was eagerly sought through- 
out the whole of Europe. 
“Archaic Iron Mining Tools from Lead Mines near 
Castleton,” by Eooke Pennington, LL.B. 
The iron and wooden mining tools now submitted for the 
Society’s inspection are from the Mock mine, a lead mine in 
the High Eake, a vein of ore in the Tideslow liberty, about 
four miles to the south of Castleton. They were found in 
old workings at between 80 and 90 yards below the surface. 
According to the information I have been able to collect in 
the neighbourhood, this mine has not been worked for more 
than 200 years, but I cannot say that this is entirely to be 
relied upon. Probably however a minimum of 200 years 
ma}/ be taken as the age of the tools, independently of such 
evidence, for the following reasons. In the first place, a 
similar collection of tools from another part of the same 
“ rake” is very well described by Mr. Benjamin Bagshawe 
at p. 48, No. 13, vol. 3, of the “Eeliquary.” These tools 
were found associated with silver coins of the time of 
Charles I, and two tradesmen’s tokens dated 1667. 
Again, the tools I am describing were accompanied by a 
particular form of small tobacco pipe, which according to 
Mr. Llewellynn Jewitt, F.S.A. (Eeliquary, October, 1862, 
p. 75), is probably Elizabethan, and certainly not later than 
Charles I. These pipes are usually known in Derbyshire as 
“ fairy pipes,” or sometimes (with great correctness) as “ old 
man’s pipes,” the “ old man” being the term used to describe 
the miners of past ages and by transposition applied to the 
mines themselves, so that old workings are usually called 
the “ Old Man.” 
An amusing mistake once arose from this confusion of 
terms. A miner from the Peak giving evidence in London 
