115 
turn to these earlier cave men, whether in Switzerland or 
elsewhere in Europe, we find that the life they led was 
altogether different, for they seem to have been a race of 
hunters and fishers, with probably no domestic animals, no 
knowledge of how to cultivate land or to erect themselves 
dwellings, and the stone tools they used were never polishe'd 
as in the later periods, but merely chips of flints. Yet 
these men whose civilization stood so low were able with 
their simple flint tools to execute engravings on bone and 
horn with fair skill. The main point of interest connected 
with the cave to which I am drawing your attention lies in 
the discovery among the remains from Thayingen of a piece 
of antler of reindeer with the representation of a reindeer 
feeding, most faithfully and really artistically carved. There 
are also two other carvings (of horses) of which no descrip- 
tion has yet been published, but I have been told that the 
execution of one is even much superior to thad of the 
reindeer. 
From the paleolithic caves of the Dordogne and Switzer- 
land numerous engravings of animals have been found, but 
none yet published are as well drawn as the reindeer from 
Thayingen ; but Professor Heim, in the paper^' from which 
I get much of my information regarding the cave, says that 
he has been informed that just recently M. Piette, juge de 
paix at Craonne ( Aisne), has dug out caves near St. Bertrand, 
in the Pyrenees, which show the same conditions as those 
from Perigord in the Dordogne, and that a drawing of a 
wild goat still more artistic than our drawing from Thayin- 
eren has been found there. 
O 
From their implements and mode of life the palaeolithic 
race of men is supposed to be represented by the Esquimaux 
at the present time, and this receives the strongest support 
from the fact that these people, whose mode of life is very 
* Ueber einen Fund aus d. Eenthierzeit in d. Scliweiz A^on Prof. A. Keim, 
Mitt. Antiq. G-esell Zurich 1874. XYIII. 5. 
