59 
the fissures and caverns with which the latter abounds, and 
wherein it is now so largely worked. The surface of the 
country is remarkable for the absence of brooks on the lime- 
stone area, the only two, viz., Powka Beck and Dragley 
Beck, running along the base of the clay slates. The brook- 
lets elsewhere find their way through the fissures in the 
limestone and into the curious tarns which dot the surface. 
The regular veins (2) are thus pretty easily accounted for, 
being similar to those of the Whitehaven district.* 
The superficial deposits (1) are more especially the sub- 
ject of the present communication, as they afford, in the 
writer’s opinion, undoubted evidence of glacial action, and 
of the mode in which the iron ore has been transported by 
its agency. 
John Bolton, the Ulverston geologist, published in his 
“ Geological Fragments” several sections of bore holes and 
open workings in this neighbourhood, from which the fol- 
lowing has been compiled as illustrative of the district. It 
is not taken from any single example, but adapted from 
several instances, to show the general aspect of the whole. 
ft. in. 
Soil 2 0 
Gravel and clay 4 0 
Yellow clay, mixed with iron ore 4 0 
Black mould 4 0 
Iron ore (dark coloured) 2 0 
Black mould, mixed with iron ore 6 0 
Iron ore 8 0 
Decomposed limestone 7 0 
Black woody deposit 12 0 
Decomposed limestone 6 0 
Black mould and wood 2 0 
Yellow clay, mixed with ore 6 0 
Black mould, mixed with iron ore 10 0 
Black mould 4 0 
Black mould, mixed with iron ore and limestone 3 0 
* See Proceedings, Dec. 10, 1867, pp. 59 — 61, and Dec. 1, 186S, pp. 51 — 56. 
