53 
CRAMP RAY. Raia. Torpedo. Jenyns, p. 509. Yarrell’s 
Br. F„ vol. 2, p. 410. Rare. 
SKATE. R. Batis. Jenyns, p. 510. Yarrcll’s Br. F., vol. 
2, p. 421. Common. The smaller are used for food, either 
fresh or salted, in fishermen’s families in the winter; and 
the larger speeimens are chiefly employed as bait for Crabs 
and Lobsters ; the former being attracted by the fresh bait, 
the latter by that which has hung in the air for a season. 
LONGNOSED SKATE. R. Chagrinea. Yarrell’s Br. F., 
vol. 2, p. 414. Less common than the last species. 
SHARPNOSED RAY. R. Oxyrhynchus. Jenyns, p. 511. 
Yarrell’s Br. F., vol. 2, p. 424. Burton Skate. Common 
in deep water. 
SPOTTED RAY. R. Maculata. Jenyns, p. 514. Yar- 
rell’s Br. F., vol. 2, p. 429. Common. Homlyn, and 
sometimes the Sandy Ray, from being confounded with a 
species not until lately recognized as llrilish, but decidedly 
distinct, R.Circularis C, This is the Species, of which the 
purses are often thrown on shore in winter, after a storm. 
I have known a specimen not exceeding four inches across 
the disk, to swallow an hook and he taken. 
PAINTED RAY. R. Microcellata. Jenyns, p. 515. Yar- 
rell’s Br. F., vol. 2, p. 433. Rare. 
THORNBACK. R. Clavata. Jenyns, p. 516. Yarrell’s 
Br. F., vol. 2, p. 436. The Ray. Common. The best of 
the genus for food, and the most commonly used, fresh or 
salted ; in the latter condition a principal Subsistence for 
the fishermen’s families in winter. 
This species is sometimes seen with the under surface 
r °ugh, in which case it is the Rough Ray (R. Rubus) of 
uuthors; and it may be well here to remark, that the presence 
° r absence of spines, in all this Genus, is a very uncertain 
characteristic of species or sex ; and I have seen a full grown 
Skate, with scarcely the mark of spine on the body or tail. 
Sl'ING RAY. R. Pastivac.a. Jenyns, p. 518. Yarrell’s 
Br. F. ; vol. 2, p. 442. Scarce. 
.-'■EAGLE RAY. R. Aquila. Yarrell’s Br. F., vol. 2, p. 
445. I have been informed of one specimen. 
BLACK RAY. R. Chardon , — mentioned by Mr. Yarrell, 
Br. F., vol. 2, p. 425. 
^ANDY RAY. R.Circularis. Loudon’s Magazine of Na- 
tural History, vol. 2, N.S. 1838. It is common, but not 
esteemed as food. 
LAMPREYS. 
SEA LAMPREY. Petromyzon Marinus. Jenyns, p. 520. 
Yarrell’s Br. F., vol. 2, p. 448. Common, but rarely used 
us food. 
H 
