64 
ST. HELENA. 
Farm, the angle of inclination of the strata changes from 6° to 20°, 
while at High Hill, 2323 feet above the sea, the effects of up- 
heaval are, with the exception of The Barn, much more strikingly 
visible than at any point along the whole line. Here the ridge, on 
the northern side, has been forced up and elevated some hundred 
feet above the southern portion, and its strata have been inclined 
seawards or northwards at an angle of 25°, while the strata abutting 
against it on the southern side are nearly horizontal, leading almost 
to the idea that they flowed from the crater after instead of before the 
upheaval. 
The next ridge in succession, known as Bottleys, shows, though 
in a less degree, a complete disjointing, with one portion forced 
higher than the other, and the strata inclining seawards at a greater 
than their original angle. From Bottleys we obtain a good view 
looking down into Manatee Bay, a large crateriform bowl with its 
grassy green edge in the foreground, its many-tinted barren lava 
sides intersected by numberless variously-coloured dikes as a 
middle distance, and for a background, Speery Island rising like 
a pillar of silver from a sea of the deepest azure blue, the whole 
making up one of the finest landscapes in this grand and striking 
scenery. 
Throughout the length of this upheaval line, the occurrence of a 
substratum of red marly earth is visible, where it intersects the 
ridges, particularly at the Bed Quarry, Bock Cottage, and Horse 
Pasture. 
That a volcanic, suboceanic as well as subterranean, force did 
however exist at parts of this line of upheaval, previous to the Island 
itself being formed, may be inferred, after a careful examination of a 
locality situated on the eastern side of High Knoll, and called “ The 
Waterfall;” here, in the ravine or upper part of James’ Valley, 
there is a perpendicular drop of three hundred feet. Each flow of 
lava, as it took its course northwards from the great crater of Sandy 
Bay, appears at this point to have been abruptly stopped in its 
progress. It was not driven back so as to accumulate to a thickness 
greater than that it originally possessed, but seems to have had 
its edge cut clean off and removed away from the spot : in this 
manner a sort of horseshoe-shaped crater, about 150 yards in 
diameter, with perpendicular sides on the east, south, and 
west, rising to 300 feet, and its fourth side open, has been 
