66 
ST. HELENA. 
space, not exceeding fifty acres in area, I counted hundreds of them, in 
some places lying almost side by side, in others crossing one another, 
and varying so much in composition that the difficulty was to find 
two alike. ° Some are almost entirely of augite, and I observed one 
much resembling granite in mechanical structure. In this valley I saw 
masses of compact calcspar ol a pale yellowish coloui and tianslucent 
nature, in form, apparently, as though it had bubbled up and over 
the lava rocks previous to its hardening. At a depth of about thirty 
feet below the surface there occurs a kind of yellow jasper which 
turns red in colour when exposed to heat. It is, however, not obtain- 
able in any great quantity. Crystals of augite occur in this valley 
embedded in the lava, which, from their perfect form, scarcely seem 
to have travelled all the way from the Sandy Bay crater. The surface 
of the ground in many places is, similarly to Deadwood plain, thinly 
covered with small nodules of brown hematite. 
The ground lying between Bottleys and Churchyard, extending 
down to Manatee Bay, is very similar in formation to that of Turk’s 
Cap Valley just described. Streams of lava have flowed from the Great 
Sandy Bay crater’s edge, on one side towards Man and Horse, and 
on the other towards Speery, inclosing a crateriform space of some 
considerable size, the most practicable descent into which, and down 
to the sea shore, is along the ridge of an arm or lateral branch caused 
by a divergence of the lava streams towards Ian and Iloise. dins 
part of the Island is certainly not without great interest. It is 
barren, excepting here and there, where, being inaccessible, the grass 
has escaped the reach of cattle, goats, or sheep, and grown luxuri- 
antly. The marks of fire and fusion are evident on all sides, and the 
whole valley strikingly illustrates the appropriateness of its local 
name, “ Shaken Bocks.” It certainly has been shaken and rent 
throughout, and is intersected by thousands of dikes crossing one 
another in every direction. Scarcely fifty square yards exist in any 
part, altogether in extent about forty acres, that are not crossed by a 
dike. These dikes vary greatly in composition; some are highly 
augitic, others felspathic, and in some instances these different for- 
mations lie side by side with each other. They do not, however, so 
distinctly show a vitreous selvage as those on the north-eastern side 
of the Island, thus, I think, proving the existence of greater heat of 
lono-er duration in this part. Descending into the bowl, the strata 
become more augitic and basaltic in character, and then lower down 
