36 Echin. 
XIV. ECHINODERMA. 
[ 1904 ] 
vii. Autotomy and Regeneration:— (a) See under heading ‘Physio- 
logie’ passim ; Delage (54). (d) Illustrated by photographs of 
specimens in collection F. D. Snyder, Ashtabula, 0. ; McClure (173). 
— Regen. of complete starfish from ray broken off at a distance from 
the body in Linckia diplax and L. pacifica ; Kellogg (139). — Autot. 
of rays, also regen. of new rays from rays cut off at a distance from 
the disc, in Phataria ; Monks (193). (e) Autot. Ophioderma , 
Ophioglypha ; Uexkuell (274) p. 13. — Regen. of rays in Ophioglypha 
is quicker the more rays are removed, except when all are removed ; 
Zeleny (297).— Loss of dorsal covering of disc ; Bell in Herdman 
( 120) p. 148. (f) Regen. viscera, Antedon indica ; Chadwick (35). 
— Loss of arms without regen., Hegistocr . ; Wood (291) p. 66. — Regen. 
arms, Barycr. and Platycr. ; Whitfield (286). 
viii. Parasites and Commensals (b) Cystobia , gregarine, spp. para- 
sitic in Holothuria and Cucumaria ; Woodcock (292). — Tetrarhynchus , 
cestode, in holothurian, ' ( Molpadia ; Shipley (253) p. 147.— Numerous 
mollusca in gut of Stichopus et al. ; Kiaeii (140) p. 70, 71. — Synapticola, 
lamellibrapch in Synapta inhaerens and comparison with similar cases ; 
Malard (180 ). — Pinnotheres villosissimus , brachyuran in cloaca of 
Muelleria lecanora ; Doflein (64) p. 126. (c) Anophrys , ciliate 
protozoon in intestine of Strongylocentrotus, Sphaerechinus, and A rbacia ; 
di Mauro(63 ). — Siphono stoma and Scalesctosus, polychaetes on Echinus', 
Montacuta , mollusc on Spatangus ; Tellimya, mollusc on Echino - 
cardium ; Mar. Biol. Ass. (184) p. 210, 211. — Ichthyonema (olim 
Echinonema Gemm. non v. Linst.) nematode in perivisceral cavity 
of Echinus esculentus ; Gemmill & Linstow (99): Gemmill (98). — 
Parasitic mollusc ?, in radiole, Astropyga radiata (p. 22), gastropod 
and crab on Salmacis bicolor (p. 66), crab on Toxopneustes pileolus 
(p. 120) ; Mortensen (195). — Arete , alpheid on oral surface of Hetero- 
centrotus ; Coutiere (48). (e) Mucronalia, gastropod on Ophiothrix 
deposita and 0. crassispina ; Koehler (143) p. 146, 147. 
ix. Echinoderms as Pood : — Of man, Cucumaria frondosa ; Clark 
( 38) p. 548.— Of Genoese, Ech. ; Parona (207) p. 384. — Of fish, 
Echinarachnnis , Ophiopholis , Amphiura , and Hoi , ; Clark (38) p. 549. 
— Of crabs or fish, Tetrodiscus ( — Echinodiscus) auritus ; Fourtau (83) 
p. 425. 
x. Echinoderms in Geological Aspect: — Coral reefs degraded 
by Hoi. ; Gardiner (95) p. 166, 338 : by Ech. y but not Hoi . ; Finckh 
( 78) p. 141. — Ech. holes in the reef at Mamanguape (p. 53, pi. xliii), at 
Pernambuco (p. 62, pi. 1), at Itaparfca, Bahia (p. 247, pi. lxxix), at 
Maceio due to Echinometra subangularis (p. 271); Branner (32). 
Ech. fossils in flint ; Bather (17). — Impregnation of Ech. tests in 
chalk with crystalline silica ; Meunier (189). 
Echinocardium cordatum in lumps of shelly limest. and sandst. now 
forming in Danish waters ; Noiidmann (200). — “ Echinoderm con- 
glomerate,” chiefly reman iee Ech. from top of Cretaceous ; Gronwall 
( 109) p. 28 & (108) p. 428. — Plates of Ech. in Lower Cretaceous reef- 
rock ; Cayeux (34) p. 96, 97. — Crin. limest.,— Lower and Mid. Lias, 
important in Swiss and French Alps; Lory (163). — Bathonian ; 
Leuthardt (152). — Composition, mode of occurrence in Bajocian, 
Mont d’Or ; Riche (228) passim and pi. b ; Schardt (243) p. 304. — 
Lenticles 80 cm. thick of Crin. pinnulars ; Maire (178 ). — Sphaeronis 
as rock former; Holm (126) p. 47. 
Association of sand and Crin. stems in St. Louis beds and modern 
Atlantic ; Udden (272) p. 39L 
