2 Verm: 
xv. VERMES. 
[1904] 
INTRODUCTION. 
The total number of titles for the year 1904 is about 480. Some of them were 
not published technically during that year, several foreign publications, 
though of an earlier date, having only reached this country in 1904. Some 
of the works here recorded have only an incidental interest for workers in 
Vermes ; but many of the papers are important, and mark a genuine 
advance in the literature of the subject. 4 A monograph on Oligochceta by 
Ditlevsen (126) is worthy of mention, and also one by Ehlers (130) on 
the Annelids of New Zealand, while Fauvel (137) reports on the 
Polychceta from Senegal. Luther’s (284) monograph on the Eumeso- 
stomidce contains much interesting work, and Burger (61) in his mono- 
graph of Nemertina gives a very useful classification. 
Faunistic studies are numerous and valuable this year. One of the, 
most important contributions is by Ikeda (207) who describes the 
Gephyrea of Japan, many of which are new to science. CJognetti (92- 
99) has several papers on Lumbricidce from various parts of the world, 
including many new species. The collections at the Museums of St 
Petersburg and of Colombo have been described by Linstow (267, 268, 
260-266) who has written other papers on Helminthology this year. 
A faunal study of the marine Turbellaria from European coasts is pub- 
lished by Graff (170), while Johnson (220) writes on the fresh- water 
Nereids from the Pacific coast and Hawaii. Several additions to the 
Turbellarian Fauna of Russia (Kharkow and Poltava) have been made by 
Marrow (293). The third part of Soulier’s (426) revision of the Annelids 
from the region of Cette has appeared. Mell (303, 304) discusses the 
land Planarians from North East Africa and Madagascar, while Michaelsen 
(307) deals with the Oligochceta of Ceylon. Passing to the Bermudas, we 
find important additions made by Verrill (459-461) to the literature of 
Turbellarians, Nemertince and Annelids, with revisions of some New 
England genera and species. From Moore (313, 314) we have several 
faunistic papers on Polychceta from North America, and RIsrubel 
(194, 195) gives accounts of Priapulidce , especially those from the west 
coast of Scandinavia. Giard’s (159-162) papers are on Gastrotricha from 
Pas-de-Calais, and Bretscher’s (51, 52) are on the Enchytrceidce of 
Switzerland. It is of interest to add that MrXzek (325) records a new 
polypharyngeal Planarian from Montenegro. 
Many important observations have been made this year in anatomy and 
histology, some of them dealing with matters of wider, biological signifi- 
cance. Goldschmidt’s (167) paper on the histology and cytology of 
Nematoda may be mentioned under this head, and Hein’s (189) useful 
addition to histology in his description of the epithelium of Trematoda. 
Two papers by Fuhrmann (150, 151) deal with the anatomy of Trema- 
todes, and Ritter & Davis (375) have studied the geology, morphology, 
and the immature forms of some Enter opneusta from western North 
America. Spengel (428-433) has again given us much valuable work on 
the Enteropneusta and Bergendal (24) has finished his third contribution 
on the anatomy and histology of Carinoma oudemans , with some systematic 
notes on Nemertina in general. The Paramphistomidce form the subject of 
two memoirs by Fischoeder (141, 142), and Ashworth’s (14) account 
of the lugworm is certainly worthy of mention. Osborn’s (341) observa- 
tions are on the habits and structure of Cotylaspis insignis, from Lake 
Chautauqua. Livanow (270) has investigated the morphology of Hiru- 
dinea and Luhe (282, 283) describes many species of Echinorhynchus. 
Five papers by Camerano (64-68) go to swell the literature of Oligo- 
chceta, and a new genus has been added to Hemichorda by Caullery 
