INTRODUCTION. 
Verm i 3 
& Mesnil (76). As regards the structure of special organs Brasil (44) 
writes on the digestive apparatus of Polygordius , and Spiess (434, 435) 
on that of Aidostoma gula and Jlcemopis sanguisuga , while Jordan 
(222) gives an account of the same organs, from rather a physiological 
standpoint, in Aphrodite aculeata. Important observations have been 
made by Rosseter (382) on the genital organs of Tcenia sinuosa and 
Jagerskiold (214) on those of a Distomum. Gungl (176) carefully 
describes the blood vessels in the Lumbricidce , while Arnesen (13) writes 
a somewhat similar paper on those in the Rhynchobdellidce. SchepotIeff 
(398) has worked at the structure of the “ pockets ” of setse in some Poly- 
chceta and also (399) on the organization of Rhabdopleura. Schneider’s 
(402) notes on the sense organs of Eunice viridis are interesting, and, as 
usual, the so-called “body-cavity urns’’ in Sipunculus receive a good deal of 
attention ; see Kunstler & Grudel (238), Ladreyt (239, 240). A phylo- 
genetic discussion of considerable importance comes from Hubrecht (203, 
204) in which he deals with the relationships of Annelids and Chordates, of 
Platyhelminths and Ctenophores. Some suggestive ideas are put forward 
on the subject of asymmetry in certain lower organisms, and its biological 
significance, by Jennings (219) who draws many of his observations from 
Rotifers. 
Physiology is represented by very few memoirs, but it is to be noted 
that Bohn (30-34) is still working at movement in Annelids. Issel 
(208) refers to Rotifers being found endoparasitic in Enchytrceidce, and 
I)£v£ (121-123) records the occurrence of Echinococcus in rather unusiial 
circumstances. The origin of pearls is a rather attractive subject, and 
there are papers on it this year by Herdman (193), Giard (157) and 
Boutan (38). 
One of the most valuable papers this year is by Nelson (329) on the 
early development of Dinophilus. There are many additions to Embryo- 
logical literature. Woltereck (473) describes the development of Poly- 
gordius and Van Beneden (456) that of Phoronis . Mattiesen’s (29b) 
work has been on the embryology of fresh-water Dendrocoeles, and 
Montgomery (310) writes on the structure and development of the larva 
of Paragordius . Kathariner’s (226) attention has been given to the 
development of Gyrodactylus elegans , and Longchamps (274) describes the 
post-embryonal development of Phoronis , with notes on its affinities. 
Torrey’s (447) is an exhaustive treatise on the embryology of Thalassema 
and Gerould (155, 156) has two papers on the development of Sipunculus. 
Experimentalists will be interested in Bullot’s (58, 59) work on artificial 
parthenogenesis and regular segmentation in Ophelia , and also in Yatsu’s 
(479) work on the development of egg-fragments in Cerebratulus. The 
spermatogenesis of Ascaris megalocephala has been followed in detail by 
Tretjakoff (449, 450). 
Again this year there are numerous papers on regeneration and regula- 
tion. See Child (84), Schultz (408, 409), Zeleny (480), Morgan (319- 
323), Nusbaum (337, 338), Harper (186), Orlandi (340). Morgan 
writes also on organic polarity and axial heteromorphosis (322). 
A good deal of attention is being paid to Filarial disease, see Brumpt 
(55-57), Boycott (42), Wellmann (467). As regards ankylostomiasis 
in the Cornish miners, see Haldane (180-182) ; and for sleeping sickness 
Clarke (85-89). 
