8 Spong. 
XVII, SPONGIiE. 
[ 1904 ] 
60. Wilson, H. V. Sponges. Reports on an Exploration off the West 
Coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off' the Galapagos 
Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission 
Steamer “Albatross” during 1891. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. 
Coll, xxx, No. 1, 161 pp., 26 pis., with explanations. 
Abstract by Lendenfeld in Zool. Zentrlbl. xi, pp. 817, 818. 
II. BIOLOGY. 
A. Evolution (Phylogeny, Variation, &c.). 
Phylogenetic relation between Lyssacina and Dictyonalia : Ijima (24) 
p. 211. — Descent Theory illustrated by Sponges : Lendenfeld (28). — 
Variation in Siliceous sponges, remarks on, pp. 8-11 ; distinction of 
species in sponges, remarks on : Wilson (60) pp. 11, 12. 
B. Morphology. 
(i) General Accounts. 
Brief general account of Sponge morphology: Claus & Grobben (4) 
pp. 249-252. 
(ii) External Characters. 
Lichen-like growfh of Spongilla lacustris : Gillot (13). — Conical eleva- 
tions on surface of Acanthascus cactus F. E. S. : Ijima (24) pp. 144, 145. — 
Size of body, body-form and external characters in general of Hexactinellids : 
Schulze (43) pp. 185-190. — Pedunculate form of body in Hyalonema 
pedunculatum , p. 19 ; shrub-like habitus of Sclerothamnopsis compressa 
resembling that of hitherto unique Sclerothamnus clausii M. : Wilson (60) 
p. 84. 
(iii) Anatomy of the Soft Tissues. Canal-System . 
Porosphcera , canal-system of: Hinde (18) pp. 17, 18. — Soft parts of 
Acanthascus alani Ij., pp. 159, 160, of A. cactus F. E. S., pp. 154-158, of 
Aulosaccus mitsukuvii Ij., pp. 126, 127, of A. schulzei Ij., pp. Ill, 112, 
of Crateromorpha corrugata Ij., p. 79-82, of C. meyeri J. E. G., pp. 59, 60, 
of C. meyeri tuherosa Ij., p. 69, of C. pachyactina Ij., p. 75, of Hyalascus 
giganteus Ij., pp. 101-103, of H. sagamiensis Ij., pp. 89, 90, of Lanugi- 
nella pupa , pp. 14-16, of Rhabdocalyptus capillatus Ij., pp. 287-291, of 
R. victor Ij., pp. 251-253, of Scyphidium longispina , pp. 29-31, of Stauro- 
calyptus entacanthus , n. sp., pp. 200-202, of S. glaber Ij., pp. 212, 213, of 
Vitrollula fertilis , pp. 43-46 : Ijima (24). — Soft parts of Hexactinellids : 
Schulze (43) pp. 188-197. — Soft parts of horny sponges: Szyma^ski 
( 47). — Similarity between main afferent and efferent canals and their 
apertures in Poecillastra tricornis, p. 102; Sollas’ membrane present in 
Pcecillastra and Penares, pp. 103, 107, 113; Character of sieve-plate region 
in Regadrella delicata , p. 36 : Wilson (60). 
(iv) Skeletal System. 
(a) General Accounts. — Brief account of sponge spicules : Claus & 
Grobben (4) p. 251. — Spiculation of Leucosolenia complicata, L. variabilis , 
L. botryoideSj full description of : Minchin (36) pp. 363-370, 376-383, 
387-391. — Spiculation of sponges in general, remarks on: Topsent (50) 
pp. 14-16. 
