BIOLOGY. 
Spong. 9 
(b) Material of the Skeleton. — Spicule-sheaths in Hexactin- 
ellids, pp. 204-210; Chemical nature of spicule-substance in Hexactin- 
ellids, pp. 219-221; Structure of spicules in Hexactinellids, pp. 221-243: 
Schulze (43). 
(c) Morphology, Development and Nomenclature of 
Skeletal Elements. — Macrodiscohexasters of Aulosaccus schulzei Ij., 
pp. 114-117 ; Spicules (gastralia) present on surface of excurrent canals in 
Crateromorpha meyeri J. E. G., called Canalaria, p. 65 ; Degenerate oxy- 
hexasters with less than six terminal points in Hyalascus sagamiensis Ij., 
p. 95 ; Hexactinose oxyhexasters in Hyalascus similis , n. sp., pp. 99, 100 ; 
Hexactinnelid scleroblast-nuclei in Rhabdoca.lyptus capillatus Ij., p. 290 ; 
Siliceous reticular bodies in Staurocalyptus glaber Ij., pp. 210, 211; 
Spicules (stauractins) in the larva of Vitrollula fertilis , pp. 52, 53 : Ijima 
(24). — Huge basal spicule of Monorhaphis chuni , n. g., n. sp., pp. 112, 113; 
Intracellular development of siliceous spicules, pp. 243-254: Schulze 
(43). — Structure of discohexasters in Caulophacus schulzei suggests evolution 
of the hexaster from the hexact, pp. 48, 49 ; Degeneration of the uncinate 
into the oxydiact in Hexactinella labyrinthica , p. 81 ; Reticular skeletal 
masses in Hexactinella labyrinthica., p. 79; Pathological amphidiscs 
(hexacts with additional rays) in Hyalonema pateriferum , p. 32 ; Peculiar 
dichotrisenes of Penares foliaformis approach shape of Lithistid phyllo- 
trisone, p. 113 ; Arrangement of axial canals in scopulce of Sclerothamnopsis 
indicates equivalence to branched diacts, p. 86 ; Protrisenes of Thenea are 
modified dichotrisenes, p. 89; Metasters intermediate between spirasters 
and euasters in Thenea pyriformis, p. 100; Spicule terminology, remarks 
on, pp. 13, 14: Wilson (60). — Spicules in larva of Thoosa armata T. : 
Topsent (50) pp. 110, 111. 
(d) Skeletal Anatomy. — Hexactinellid spicules, geological remains 
of : Clarke (3). — Porosphcera , skeleton of : Hinde (18) pp. 14-17. — 
Chalineen-skelete : Thum (49). — Spiculationof Malacosaccusfloricomatus T. : 
Topsent (50) pp. 35-38. — Reticular skeletal septa cross sponge cavity in 
Euplectella and Chonelasma : Wilson (60) pp. 34, 74. 
(v) Histology. 
(a) General Accounts. — Histology of Lanuginella pupa , pp. 14- 
16, of Rhabdocalyptus capillatus Ij., pp. 288-290, of R. victor Ij., pp. 252, 
253, of Scyphidium longispina, pp. 29-31, of Vitrollula fertilis , pp. 44-46 : 
Ijima (24). — Histology of Hexactinellids : Schulze (43) pp. 197-219. 
(b) Histology of Special Organs or Classes of Cells. — 
Thesocytes and rosette-like bodies in Acanthascus cactus F. E. S., pp. 157, 
158 ; Archceocytes of Lanuginella pupa , p. 16 ; Archseocytes, thesocytes, 
and peculiar bodies in Scyphidium longispina, pp. 30, 31 ; Thesocytes of 
Staurocalyytus entacanthus n. sp., pp. 201, 202 ; Archseocytes of Vitrollula 
fertilis , pp. 44, 45 ; Choanocytes of Vitrollula fertilis , p. 44 : Ijima (24). — 
Thesocytes of Hexactinellids, pp. 210-213 ; Scleroblasts in Hexactinellids, 
pp. 204-210 : Schulze (43). 
C. Physiology. 
(i) General Accounts. — Vacant. 
(ii) Particular Functions. — Nutrition in Sponges : Cotte (6) 
pp. 776-780. 
