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a single experiment it would be unwise to do more than 
hazard an opinion, as more extended experiments might lead 
to other results ; but I think it probable that the deficiency 
of colouring matter in these English madder roots is owing 
to a deficiency of sun and heat. It would not be easy in this 
country to select a more likely soil for the purpose than that 
at Strines, and the seed was obtained from a district where 
the best quality of French madder is grown. 
It is said to be a fact that French seed when sown in 
Holland does not produce a French quality of roots, but one 
similar in every way to the usual Dutch madder. This, if 
correct, would support my opinion. 
I have here to illustrate this subject, specimens of the 
various madders in the root and ground state, also the colours 
produced by each, and the relative degree of fastness, ex- 
hibited by portions of each being subjected to boiling soap. 
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