169 
Mr. Hardy referred incidentally to the notes by the 
Hon. J. Warren in the January No. of the Journal of 
Botany, on the Mere Mere P. nodosum, and also on the 
Cheshire Epilobium called obscurum, and stated that Mr. 
Warren seemed to be going over old ground as regarded 
these two plants, the former of which he believed to be the 
seedling form of P. amphibium (terrestre) and the latter 
identical with the plants published by Mr. Baker in his 
“Plant® Critic®,” and North Yorkshire Fasciculus, under 
the name of E. ligulatum (Baker). 
March 27th, 1871. 
Joseph Baxendell, F.R.A.S., President of the Section, in 
the Chair. 
“ On some Logs of Oak found in the Irwell Valley Gravels,” 
by John Plant, F.G.S. 
The author described the valley of the river Irwell as 
being irregular and flat, except in such places where the red 
sandstone hemmed in the river between high banks, with 
the river forming several horseshoe curves, both above and 
below Manchester. The flat meadows are covered with layers 
of fine sandy loam, without pebbles or large foreign matters ; 
it averages six feet deep, and in heavy floods — especially 
the one of November, 1866 — these flat lands are flooded and 
a fresh deposit of silt takes place. This silty loam rests 
upon gravels and sands, but sometimes upon the red rock 
which forms the basin of the valley from Kearsley Paper 
Mills on the N.W. to below Carrington where the Irwell 
joins the Mersey. 
These gravels and sands are evidently of estuarine origin, 
are current bedded with bands of strong ferruginous cement 
running in them. The pebbles are of moderate size, rarely 
exceeding 5 inches in diameter, and are smoothed and flat- 
tened ; sixty per cent are from the coal measure sandstones, 
the remainder being igneous or metamorphic. There are 
plenty of Wastdale and Eskdale granites, with a few of the 
whiter granites of Creefell and Dalbeatie, but no Shap 
