213 
As the opportunities for observations on this parasite are 
not abundant in this country, and as it is interesting both 
from a scientific as well as from a medical stand-point, I 
will briefly remark on some points suggested by a case 
recently under my care in the Manchester Infirmary, avoid- 
ing medical details as far as possible. 
Through inflammatory changes leading to loss of sub- 
stance, the ova become free in the bladder, and are washed 
away in the urinary secretion in immense numbers, along 
with blood discs and pus corpuscles. They are generally 
ovate in form, but vary somewhat in outline. At one end 
the shell is produced into a short spike, something like that 
on Von Moltke’s helmet. Occasionally this is placed later- 
ally. They vary in length from xboth to -sooth of an inch, 
and in breadth from xAofh to Taoth of an inch. The shell 
is without any distinct operculum. The contents of the 
egg are seen in all stages of development, from scarcely 
distinguishable granules, enclosed in a vitilline membrane, 
to the perfectly formed ciliated embryo, exhibiting active 
movements of the body and rapid play of the cilia while 
still enclosed in the shell. Sometimes the head of the 
embryo lies towards the spiked end, sometimes to the plain 
end of the shell. Free, living embryos are often met with 
in the urine, and it is curious to watch the mode in which 
they escape from the shell. 
The general shape of the embryo is elliptical ; they are 
abundantly supplied with cilia, especially at the anterior 
extremity, and show distinct traces of a water vascular 
system. The development of this entozoon in all probability 
follows the same general plan as that of the other Trematode 
worms, or Flukes, which pass through several phases or 
alternations of generation; one or two intermediate hosts, 
generally mollusca or aquatic larvae, being necessary before 
the adult fluke becomes parasitic in the body of the verte- 
brate animal destined to be its host. 
