P PI L 
pear ih June' and July, and are fuccceded by feeds 
which ripen in September ; foon after which the ftaiks 
decay, but the roots will abide many years. It is pro- 
pagated by feeds, which fhould be fown upon an eaft 
border in the fpring, and when the plants come up, 
they muft be kept clean from weeds the following 
fummer, and in the autumn they fhould be tranf- 
planted where they are to remain ; the following fum- 
mer they will produce flowers and feeds. This fort 
Is very hardy, fo will thrive in almoft any foil or 
fituation. 
The fixth fort grows naturally in the fouth of France, 
in Spain and Italy the root is perennial, and the (talk 
annual. This lends out long, narrow, woolly leaves 
from the roots in tufts, which are inveloped at their 
bafe by a common covering , they are foft to the 
touch, and lie upon the ground. The {talks are flen- 
• tier, and near two feet long ; their joints are far afun- 
der j at each of thefe Hand two oval leaves oppofite, 
which embrace the ftalk with their bafe. The whorls 
of flowers are alfo encompaffed by thefe leaves, and 
within them is fituated a radiated briftly involucrum, 
which covers the flowers, which are yellow, and lhaped 
like thofe of the other forts. Thefe appear in July, 
but are rarely fucceeded by feeds in England. The 
ftaiks decay in the autumn, but the lower leaves re- 
main all the year. It may be propagated by flips in 
the fpring, and the plants require a dry foil and a 
warm fituation. 
The feventh fort grows naturally in Portugal and 
Spain. This hath a fhrubby ftalk which rifesfour or 
five feet high, lending out {lender branches, which 
have four angles covered with a white bark, gar- 
nifhed with oval fpear-fhaped leaves about four inches 
long, and an inch and a half broad at their bafe ; 
they are crenated on their edges, and woolly on their 
under fide, Handing upon very fhort foot-ftalks. 
The flowers come out in whorls at each joint •, they 
have briftly involucrums, and are of a deep purple 
colour. This flowers in June and July, but does not 
ripen feeds in England. It may be propagated by 
cuttings in the fame way as the three firft forts, and 
the plants require the fame treatment. 
The eighth fort was difcovered by the late Dr. Tourne- 
fort in^the Levant, where it grows naturally ; this 
hath a perennial root and an annual ftalk. The leaves 
of this are heart-lhaped ; thofe at the root are three 
inches long, and an inch and a half broad at their 
bale, ending in acute points •, they are downy on their 
under fide, and have five ftrong veins. The ftaiks 
rife a foot and a half high, and are garnilhed at 
each joint with two leaves placed oppofite, of the 
fame form as the lower, but fmaller. The flowers 
grow in whorls round the ftaiks •, they are of a worn- 
out purple colour-, their involucrums are cut into 
ferments, and are clofely (hut. This never produces 
feeds here, and the roots increafe very flpwly, fo that 
now it is very rare in Europe for before the fevere 
winter in 1740, thefe plants had lived abroad in warm 
borders upward of twenty years, fo that there were 
none of the plants kept in pots, and that year they were 
almoft all deftroyed in England. 
The feeds of the ninth fort were fent from Smyrna by 
the late Conful Sherard to the Chelfea Garden, where 
the plants were railed this hath a perennial root and 
an annual ftalk. . The lower leaves are near three 
inches long, and an inch and a half broad, Handing 
upon long woolly foot-ftalks •, they are rough on their 
upper fide, but woolly on their under, and are heart- 
fhaped and. entire. The ftaiks, which rife afoot 
high, are very downy , the flowers grow in whorls 
round the ftaiks ; they have very long tubulous em- 
paiements covered with down ; they are very large, 
and of a bright yellow, fo make a good appearance. 
It flowers the latter end of June, and in July, but ne- 
ver ripens feeds in England. This fort hath furvived 
many winters in the open air in the Chelfea Garden, 
but in the year 1740 they were all deftroyed. 
The feeds of the tenth fort were alfo fent from Smyrna 
by the fame gentleman, and feveral of the plants were 
PHL 
faifed in the Chelfea Garden., .This hath fhrubby 
ftaiks which rife about three feet high, and are co- 
vered with a yellowifh down, lending out many flen- 
der irregular branches, garnilhed with narrow - fpear- 
lhaped leaves, which are covered with a yellowifh 
down on their under fide. The flowers are produced 
in heads at the end of the branches ; their involu- 
crums are very downy ; the flowers are fmaller than 
thofe of either of the firft forts, and are of a dirty 
yellow colour. This approaches near to the fecond 
fort, but the leaves are much fmaller, the branches 
are llenderer, and are covered with a yellow down, 
efpecially toward the end of the branches. The 
whorls of flowers are not near fo large, and are gene- 
rally produced at the end of the branches. 
This fort may be propagated by cuttings in the fame 
way as the three firft forts, and the plants may be 
treated in the like manner, with this difference only, 
of planting them in a warmer fituation, for it will not 
bear fo much cold, though in a warm border the 
plants have lived feveral years abroad in the Chelfea 
Garden. 
The eleventh fort grows naturally in the Archipelago, 
and alfo in Spain, from both ccu;rm:.v. I have 
received the feeds. This plant hatn an a . Ik, 
but the root is perennial, as are alfo the lower leaves, 
which do not arife from the root immediately, but 
ftand in clufters upon fhort, trailing, woolly branches 5 
they have very long downy foot-ftalks, and are placed 
without order they are heart-lhaped, and downy on 
both fides, about four inches long, and two broad to- 
ward their bafe. The ftaiks are llender, and rife a 
foot high, garnilhed with oval fpear-lhaped leaves, 
which gradually decreafe in fize to the top, where 
they are not half an inch long. Thefe ftaiks gene- 
rally fend out two fide branches oppofite, near the 
bottom, and from this divifion to the top are gar- 
nilhed v/ith thin whorls of yellow flowers, which arc 
not clofely joined together as in the other fpecies, but 
each flower Hands feparate. Their empalements are 
oval, very downy, and clofely fhut up. The flowers 
appear in June and July, but there are feldom any 
feeds produced in England. This fort may be pro- 
pagated by flips in the lame manner as the fixth fort, 
and the plants fhould be treated in the like way. 
The twelfth fort grows naturally in Spain and Por- 
tugal * this hath an almoft fhrubby ftalk, which is a 
little ligneous, and rifes about two feet and a half 
high, covered with a thick white down. There are 
many of the ftaiks which arife from the fame root, 
garnilhed v/ith heart-lhaped leaves about two inches 
long, and one broad toward their bafe and from the 
lower part of the ftaiks, at each joint, there are two 
fhort Ihoots come out oppolite, which have four or 
fix fmall leaves of the fame fhape with the others, 
and are covered with a very white down. The flowers 
are produced in fmall whorls toward the upper part of 
the ftalk they have downy fpear-lhaped involucrums - 9 
the flowers are fhort, and of an iron colour. They 
appear in June and July, but the plants produce no 
feeds in England. 
This fort multiplies by its fpreading roots, fo that 
they may be divided every other year; the bell time 
for doing this is about the middle of September, that 
the offsets may get root before the froft comes on ; 
but there fhould be fome mulch laid about their 
roots to prevent the froft from penetrating the ground. 
It may be alfo propagated by cuttings in the fame 
way as the three firft forts, during the fpring and 
fummer months. The plants require the lame treat- 
ment as the tenth fort, for they are not fo hardy as 
the three firft forts ; therefore, if there is fome tan- 
ners bark, or other mulch laid upon the furface of the 
ground about their roots every winter, it will be a 
means of preferving the roots ; fo that if a fevere 
winter fhould kill the ftaiks, the roots will put out 
new ones the fpring following. 
The thirteenth fort grows naturally in Spain and Por- 
tugal. This rifes v/ith feveral fhrubby ftaiks from 
three to four feet high, which divide into feveral four- 
cornered 
