P I N 
years old ; but when they are out of the cones, they 
feldom grow well after two years, and fome forts do 
not grow after one year. The leaves of this are not 
quite fo long as thofe of the former fort, and are of a 
grayilh or fea-green colour ♦, the cones are not more 
than five inches long, but are very thick, roundifh, and 
end in an obtufe point ; the feales of the cones are flat 9 
and the feeds are more than twice the fize of thofe of 
the former. The kernels of thefe are frequently ferved 
up in deferts to the table during the winter ieafon in 
Italy, and formerly they were ufed in medicine here, 
but of late years the Piftachia nuts have been gene- 
rally fubftituted in lieu of them. The wood of this 
tree is white, not fo full of refin as many of the other 
forts, fo is never cultivated for its wood, but chiefly 
for the beauty of its leaves and for the nuts, which 
are much efteemed in the fouth of France and in Italy. 
The third fort is generally known here by the tide of 
Scotch Pine, from its growing naturally in the moun- 
tains of Scotland, but it is common in molt parts of 
Europe •, and Monf. du Hamel of the Royal Academy 
of Sciences at Paris, mentions his having received 
cones of this tree from St. Domingo in the Weft-In- 
dies, fo concludes that it grows indifferently in torrid, 
frozen, and temperate zones. It is by John Bauhin 
titled, Pinus fylveftris Genevenfis vulgaris ; fo that it 
grows commonly in the mountains near that city, and 
all through Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The 
wood of this tree is the red or yellow deal, which is 
the moft durable of any of the kinds yet known ; the 
leaves of this tree are much fhorter than thofe of the 
former forts, and are broader, of a grayilh colour, 
and twilled, growing two out of each fheath •, the 
cones are fmall, pyramidal, and end in narrow points ; 
they are of a light colour, and the feeds are fmall. 
This fort grows well upon almoft every foil ; I have 
planted numbers of the trees upon Peat-pits, where 
they have made great progrefs. I have alfo planted 
them in clay, where they have fucceeded far beyond 
expedtatfon * and upon land, gravel, and chalk, they 
likewife thrive as well ; but as they do not grow near 
fo fall upon gravel and fand as upon moilt ground, fo 
the wood is much preferable ; for thofe trees which 
have been cut down upon moilt foils, where they have 
made the greateft progrefs, when they have been lawn 
out into boards, have not been valuable, the wood 
has been white and of a loofe texture ; whereas thofe 
which have grown upon dry gravelly ground, have 
proved nearly equal to the belt foreign deals ; and I 
doubt not but thofe plantations which of late years 
have been made of thefe trees, will, in the next age, 
not only turn greatly to the advantage of their poffef- 
fors, but alfo become a national benefit; therefore 
this is the fort which I would recommend to be culti- 
vated on barren lands. 
The fourth fort grows naturally in Tartary, from 
whence I received the feeds. This hath a great re- 
femblance to the Scotch Pine, but the leaves are 
broader, fhorter, and their points are more obtufe ; 
they emit a llrong balfamic odour when bruiled ; the 
cones of this are very fmall, as are alfo the feeds, fome 
of which were black, and others white ; but whether 
they are from different trees or the fame, I could not 
learn ; for the feeds were taken out of the cones, but 
in the parcel there was not one entire cone. 
The fifth fort grows naturally upon the mountains in 
Switzerland ; this hath very narrow green leaves, 
which grow fometimes by pairs, and at others there 
are three coming out of each fheath ; thefe generally 
Hand eredfc ; the cones are of a middle fize and pyra- 
midal ; the feales are flat, having each a fmall obtufe 
riling, but are very compad, till they are opened by 
the warmth of the fun the fecond fpring. The feeds 
of this are much iefs than thofe of the Pineafter, but 
larger than thofe of the Scotch Pine. 
The fixth fort grows naturally in Switzerland, and is 
fuppofed to be the fame as the Siberian, which I 
greatly doubt ; for the cones of this are Ihort and 
roundifh, and the feales are clofe, whereas thofe of 
the Siberian Pine are long and loofer ; the leaves have 
P I N 
a near refemblan.ee to each other, fo far 'as I have cb- 
ferved in the fpecimens'; but the plants which have 
been raifed from the Switzerland . feeds, . have, made' 
much greater progrefs than thofe from the Siberian 
feeds, which can fcarce be kept alive in England. The 
leaves are long and narrow, frnooth to the touch, of a 
}■ light green, and five of them come out from the fame 
| fheath ; the branches are clofely garnifhed with them ; 
the cones are about three inches long, and the feales 
are pretty clofe ; the feeds are pretty large, and their 
| fheils are eafily broken. 
The feventh fort grows in the maritime parts of Italy 
and the fouth of France-, this hath long fenooth 
leaves, growing by pairs in each fheath ; the cones, 
are very long and flender ; the feeds are about the 
fize of thofe of the Pineafter. 
The eighth fort grows naturally near Aleppo, and in 
feveral other parts of Syria. This is a tree of mid- 
dling growth in its native foil, and in England there 
are none of any large fize, for moft of the plants 
which were growing here before the year 1 740, were 
killed by the froft that fevere winter ; the two largeft 
which I have feen are growing at Goodwood in Suf- 
fex, the feat of his Grace the Duke of Richmond ; 
thefe had been tranfplanted thither the year before, fo 
had fcarce recovered their removal, and had made no 
fhoots that fummer, therefore efcaped much better 
than thofe plants which were in great yigour, moft of 
which were deftroyed. This tree branches out on 
every fide near the root ; the branches at firft grow ho-, 
rizontally, but turn their ends upward ; their bark is 
fmooth, and of a dark gray colour. The leaves are 
long and very narrow, of a dark green, and grow by 
pairs in each fheath ; if they are bruifed, they emit 
a ftrong refinous odour. The cones come out from 
the fide of the branches ; they are not much more 
than half the length of thofe of the Pineafter, but are 
full as large at their bafe; the feales are flatted, and 
and the point of the cone obtufe. The feeds are 
much lefs than thofe of the Pineafter, but of the fame 
lhape. 
The ninth fort grows naturally in moft parts of North 
America ; this never rifes to any great height, and is 
the leaft efteemed in the country of all the forts. While 
the plants are young, they make a pretty good ap- 
pearance ; but when they get to the height of fe- 
ven or eight feet, they become ragged and unflghtly, 
fo are not worth cultivating. 
The tenth fort grows naturally in Virginia, and other 
parts of North America, where it riles to a great 
height ; and fo far as we can judge by the growth of 
thole trees which are now here, it leems likely to be- 
come a large tree in England. There are many of 
them now growing in the noble plantation of ever- 
green trees in his Grace the Duke of Bedford’s park 
at Wooburn, which are twenty feet high, though not 
of many years Handing, and keep pace with the other 
kinds of Pines and Firs in the fame plantation. The 
leaves of this are long, three generally {landings in 
each (heath,; the cones of this fort come out in cluf- 
ters round the branches ; they are as long as the cones 
of the Pineafter, and hav^, rigid feales ; the feeds are 
winged, and nearly as ItHrge as thofe of the Pineafter. 
The eleventh fort grows naturally in North America ; 
this hath very long narrow leaves, growing by threes 
out of each (heath ; the cones are as large as thofe of 
the Stone Pine, but the feales are loofer, and the cones 
more pointed. The feales of this open horizontally, 
and difeharge the feeds. This fort was fent over 
from America to Mr. Ball of Exeter, and alfo to Dr. 
Compton Bilhop of London, by the title of Frankin- 
cenfe Pine. 
The twelfth fort grows naturally in Virginia ; the cones 
of this have been brought to England of late years, 
by the title of Baftara three-leaved Pine, The 'leaves 
of this fort are long and narrow ; fometimes there are 
three growing in each (heath, and at others but two ; 
the cones are long, (lender, and their feales terminate 
in (harp points ; they are rather longer than thofo of 
the Pineafter, and not fo thick. v 
. The 
