FOR 
The leaves of the firft fort are rounder, and not much 
above half the bee of thofe of the fourth ; they are 
indented on their edges into angles, and are downy 
on their under fide, nor are their under furfaces of fo 
dark green. The (hoots of this are paler, the kat- 
kins are longer, and the down of the feeds is whiter 
and longer. 
The leaves of the third fort are oval, heart-fhaped, 
and (lightly crenated on their edges ; they are fmooth 
on both tides, and of alight green colour. The kat- 
kins of this are fhorter than thofe of the two former. 
The fifth fort grows naturally in Carolina, where it 
becomes a very large tree. The (hoots of this lort 
are very ftrong in England, and are generally cor- 
nered; they have a light green bark like fome forts 
of the Willow. The leaves upon young trees, and 
alfo thofe upon the lower (hoots, are very large, ai- 
med heart-fcaped, and crenated, but thofe upon the 
older trees are (mailer ; and as the trees advance, their 
bark becomes lighter, approaching to a grayifh co- 
lour. The katkins of this fort are like thofe of the 
black Poplar, and the fummits of the ftamina are 
purple. 
The (hoots of this tree while young, are frequently 
killed down a confiderable length by the froffc in 
winter ; but as the trees grow older, their (hoots are 
not fo vigorous, and become more ligneous, fo are 
not liable to the fame difafter ; but the trees fhould 
be planted in a (heltered fituation, for as their leaves 
are very large, the wind has great power over them, 
and the branches being tender, they are frequently 
broken or fplk down by the winds in the fummer fea» 
fon, where they are much expofed. 
The fixth fort grows naturally in Canada, and in other 
parts of North America ; this feems to be a tree of 
middling growth, and does not fpire upward, but 
fends out many (hort thick (hoots on every fide, which 
are covered with a light brown bark, and garnifhed 
with leaves differing from each other in fhape and 
fize, moff of them almoft heart-lhaped, but fome are 
oval, and others near to fpear-fhaped ; they are whi- 
tifh on their under fide, but of a dark green on their 
upper. The katkins are like thofe of the black Pop- 
lar, but the number of (lamina in the male (lowers is 
uncertain, from eighteen to twenty-two. The female 
flowers I have not fully examined, but by the male 
katkins I have been induced to place it in this genus. 
Thefe trees may be propagated either by layers or 
cuttings, which will readily take root, as alfo from 
fuckers, which the white Poplars fend up from their 
roots in great plenty; but thefe are lefs valuable than 
thofe propagated by cuttings, being more liable to 
fend up fuckers. The bed time for tranfplanting 
thefe fuckers is in October, when their leaves begin 
to decay. Thefe may be placed in a nurfery for two 
or three years to get ftrength, before they are planted 
out where they are defigned to remain ; but if you 
intend to propagate them from cuttings, it is better 
to defer the doing of that until February, at w r hich 
time you may plant truncheons of two or three feet 
long, thru (ting them about a foot and a half into the 
ground. Thefe v/ill readily take root, and if the foil 
be moift in which they are planted, they v/ill arrive 
to a confiderable bulk in a few years. 
The black Poplar is not fo apt to take root from 
large truncheons, therefore it is the better method to 
plant cuttings about a foot and a half in length, 
thrufting them a foot deep into the ground ; thefe 
will take root very freely, and may be afterward 
tranfplanted where they are to remain. This fort will 
grow upon almoft any foil, but will thrive bed in moift 
places. 
I have planted cuttings of this tree, which in four 
years have been bigger in the trunk than a man’s 
thigh, and near twenty feet in height, and this upon 
a very indifferent foil ; but in a very moift foil, it is 
common for thefe trees to (hoot eight or ten feet in a 
(eafon ; fo that where a perfon hath a mind to make a 
(belter in a few years, there is fcarce any tree fo proper 
for that purpofe as this ; but they fhould not be plant- 
R 
ed too near the pleafure-garden, becaufe the katkins 
and down which fall from thefe trees, will make a 
prodigious litter in the fpring, 
The white forts, as alfo the Afpen-tree, likewife caufe 
a greater litter in the fpring, when their katkins and 
down fall off ; and their roots being very apt to pro- 
duce a large quantity of fuckers, but efpecially thoie 
trees that came from fuckers, which renders them un- 
fit to be planted near a houfe or garden • but when 
they are interfperfed with other trees in large planta- 
tion?, they afford an agreeable variety, their leaves 
being very white on their under fides, which, when 
blown with the wind-, are turned to fight. 
A confiderable advantage may be made by planting 
thefe trees upon moift boggy foils, where few other 
trees will thrive. Many fuch places there are in Eng- 
land, which do not at prefent bring in much money 
to their owners ; whereas, if they were planted with 
thefe trees, they would, in a very few years, over 
purchafe the ground, clear of all expence ; but 
there are many perfons, who think nothing except 
Com worth cultivating in England ; or if they plant 
timber, it mull be Oak, Afn, or Elm ; and if their 
land be not proper for either of thefe, it is deemed 
little worth ; whereas if the nature of the foil was 
examined, and proper forts . of plants adapted to it, 
there might be very great advantage made of feveral 
large traits of land, which at this time lie neglected. 
The wood of thefe trees, efpecially of the Abele, is 
very good to lay for doors, where it will laft many 
years ; and for its exceeding whitenefs, is by many 
perfons preferred to Oak ; but being of a fo ft contex- 
ture, is very fubjeCc to take the impreffion of nails, 
&c. which renders it lefs proper for this purpofe : it 
is alfo very proper for wainfeotting of rooms, being 
lefs fubjeCt to (well or (brink, than moft other forts 
of wood ; but for turnery ware, there is no wood 
equal to this for its exceeding whitenefs, fo that trays, 
bowls, and many other utenfiis, are made of it ; and 
the bellows-makers prefer it for their ufe, as do alfo 
the fhoemakers, not only for heels, but alfo for the 
foies of (hoes ; it is alfo very good to make light 
carts, and the poles are very proper to fupport Vines, 
Hops, &c. and the lopping will afford good fuel, 
which in many countries is much wanted. 
The Carolina Poplar may alfo be propagated by cut- 
tings or layers ; the latter is generally praftifed by the 
nurfery gardeners, being the fureft method ;,and thefe 
plants are not fo full of moifture as thofe railed by cut- 
tings, fo are lefs liable to be cut down by the froft 
when young. There has been no trials made here of 
the wood of this tree, fo I cannot give any account of 
its worth. 
The Tacamahacca fends up a great number of fuck- 
ers from the roots, by which it multiplies in plenty, 
and every cutting which is planted will take root ; 
fo that when a plant is once obtained, there may 
foon be plenty of the plants raifed. The buds of this 
tree are covered with a glutinous refin, which finells 
very ftrong, and this is the TacamahaCca ufedin the 
(hops. 
PORRUM. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 382. tab. 204. Al- 
lium. Lin. Gen. Plant. 370. [inGreekis called zxpd- 
crov, from Tffpdto, to enkindle, as being a plant that 
excites a v/armth in the body.] Leek. 
The Characters are, 
The flower hath fix bell-jhaped petals , which are collected 
into a fpherical head , covered by a common roundifh fpa- 
tha or Jheath , which opens on one fide, and withers. Thefe 
have fix ftamina , three of which are alterndtely broader 
than the other _ , and have forked fummits in their middle. 
They have a /hort , round , three-cornered germen , f up- 
porting a jingle ftyle , crowned by an acute fiigma. The 
germen afterward becomes a floor t broad capfuls with three 
lobes , having three cells filled with angular feeds. 
This genus of plants is joined to Linnaeus’s genus of 
Allium, which is ranged in the firft flection of his 
fixth clafls, including the plants whole flowers have 
fix ftamina and one ftyle. The joining of thefe ge- 
nera together is allowable in a fyftem of botany, but 
10 S in 
433 
