This genus of plants is ranged in the fird flection of 
Linnaeus’s tenth clafs, which contains thole plants 
whole flowers have ten ftamma and one ftyie. 
The Species are, 
1. Pyrola (Rotuniifolia) ftaminibus adfcendentibus, pif- 
tillo declinato. Flor. Suec. 330. Winter-green with fi- 
fing jiamina , and a declining pointal. Pyrola rotundi- 
folia major. C. B. P. 19 1. Greater round-leaved Whi- 
ter-green. 
2. Pyrola ( Secunda ) racemo unilateral!. Flor. Suec. 
332. Winter-green with a bunch of flowers ranged on one 
fide the foot-fialk. Pyrola folio mucronato fer-rato. C. 
B. P. 1 9 1 . Winter-green with a [awed pointed leaf , 
3. Pyrola {Uniflora ) fcapo unifloro. Flor. Lapp. 167. 
Winter-green with one flower in a [heath. Pyrola rotun- 
difolia minor. C. B. P. 19 1. Smaller round-leaved 
Winter-green. 
4. Pyrola ( Maculata ) pedunculis bifloris. Lin, Sp. 
Plant. 396. Winter-green with two flowers on a foot- 
fialk. Pyrola Marylandica minor, folio mucronato 
arbuti. Pet. Muf. 675. Smaller Winter-green of Mary- 
land, with a pointed Strawberry leaf '. 
The fird fort grows wild in many places in the North 
cf England, particularly near Hallifax in Torkfhire, 
on rocky hills and heaths, as alio in fhady woods ; fo 
it is very difficult to preferve in gardens in the louth- 
ern parts. 
This hath a perennial root, from which fpring out five 
or fix roundifh leaves, about an inch and a half long, 
and almod as broad, of a thick confidence, of a deep 
lucid green, and entire, Handing upon pretty long 
foot-daiks. Between thefe rife a (lender upright 
(talk near a foot high, naked great part of the length, 
ending in a loofe fpike of flowers, which are com- 
compofed of five large concave petals, fpreading 
like a Rofe, but the two upper leaves are formed 
into a. kind of helmet. In the center is fituated a 
crooked pointal, bending downward, attended by ten 
flender ftamina, terminated by Saffron-coloured fum- 
mits. It flowers in July, and the flowers are fuc- 
ceeded by cornered comprefied capfules, having five 
cells, filled with fmall feeds. 
The fecond fort grows naturally upon mountains in 
Italy, particularly near Verona and Genoa, and I have 
found it growing in Wefimoreland. This hath a (len- 
der, creeping, perennial root, from which arife two 
or three very (lender ligneous (lalks about five inches 
high, fuftaining at the top four or five oval acute- 
pointed leaves, an inch and a half long, and one broad, 
of a thinner confidence, and a brighter green than 
thofe of the former, each Handing upon a fhort foot- 
dalk •, and between thefe, on the fide of the dalk, 
comes out the foot-Halk of the flowers, upon which 
they are ranged along one fide •, they are fhaped like 
the other, but are fmaller, as are alio the capfules. It 
flowers about the flame time with the fird fort. 
The third fort grows naturally in fhady woods in the 
northern parts of Europe. This hath a perennial 
creeping root, from which come forth four or five 
roundifh leaves of a pretty thick confidence, and be- 
tween thefe arifes a foot-dalle about four inches high, 
fudaining one large white flower on the top, of the 
fame fhape as the others. It flowers in June. 
The fourth fort grows naturally in North America ; 
this hath a ligneous perennial root, from which arife 
two or three ligneous dalks a foot and a half high, 
garnifned with diff leaves two or three inches long, 
one broad near the bafe, ending in acute points, and 
have fome fharp indentures on their borders i the 
midrib is remarkably broad, and very white, as are 
alfo the veins which run from it. The dowers are 
produced at the end of the dalk on flender foot-dalks 
about three inches long, each fudaining two fmall 
pale-coloured flowers at the top. It flowers in June. 
Thefe are all of them very difficult to cultivate in gar- 
dens, for as they grow on very cold hills, and in moffy 
moorifh foil, when they are removed to a better foil, 
and in a warmer fituation, they feldom continue long. 
The bed time to tranfplant thefe plants into gardens 
is about Michaelmas, provided the roots can then be 
found, when they fhould be taken up with balls of 
PY1 
earth to their roots, and planted in a fhady fituatio% 
and on a modi undunged foil, where they fiiould be 
frequently watered in dry weather, otherwife they 
will not thrive. Some of thefe plants may be planted 
in pots, which fiiould be filled with earth as nearly 
refembling that in which they naturally grow as pof- 
Able, and place them in a fhady fituation, where, 
if they are condantly watered in dry weather, they 
will thrive very well. 
The fird fort is ordered by the College of Phyficians 
to be ufed in medicine, and is generally brought over 
from Switzerland amongd other vulnerary plants, 
amongd which clafs this plant is ranged, and by fome 
hath been greatly commended. 
PYRLJS. Tourn. Ind. R. H. 628. tab. 404. Lim 
Gen. Plant. 550, The Pear-tree •, in French, Poirier* 
' The Characters are, 
The flower hath a permanent empalement of one leaf , ’ 
which is concave , and divided into five parts at the top it 
hath five roundiflj concave petals, which are infer ted in the 
empalement , and many awl-fhaped ftamina floor ter than the 
petals , which are alfo infer ted in the empalement, and termi- 
nated by Jingle fummits. The germen is fituated under the 
flower , fuppor ting four or five ftyles crowned by Jingle fig- 
mas •, it afterward becomes a pyramidal flefloy fruit in- 
dented at the top , but produced at the bafe, having five 
membranaceous cells , each containing one flmooth oblong 
feed pointed at the bafe. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fourth febtion. 
of Linnaeus’s twelfth clafs, which includes thofe 
plants whofe (lowers have more than twenty damina 
inlerted in the empalement, and five dyles. To this 
genus he has joined the Malus and Cydonia. 
ThePearand Quince may be joined together withmore 
propriety than the Apple with either, for the fruit of the 
the two former are produced at their bafe, whereas the 
Apple is indented both at the top and bottom j nor will 
the Apple grow upon either of the other two, or they 
upon the Apple, when grafted or budded ; but the 
Quince and Pear will grow upon each other, fo there is a 
boundary fet by nature between thofe and the Apple. 
The feveral varieties of Pears, which are now culti- 
vated in the curious fruit-gardens, have been acci- 
dentally obtained by feeds, fo mud not be deemed 
didinbt fpecies •, but, as they are generally diitin- 
guifhed in the fruit-gardens and nurfery, by the fhape, 
fize, and flavour of their fruit, I (hall continue thofe 
diftinbtions, that the work may not appear imperfebt 
to fuch as delight in the cultivation of thefe fruits. 
The Species are, 
1. Pyrus ( Mufk ) fativa, frubtti asdivo parvo racemofo 
odoratiffimo. Tourn. Petit Muf cat, i. e. Little Mufk 
Pear , commonly called the Supreme. This fruit is gene- 
rally produced in large cinders ; it is rather round 
than long, the dalk diort ; and, when ripe, the fkin 
is of a yellow colour ; the juice is fomewhat mu (ley, 
and, if gathered before it is too ripe, is a good Pear. 
This ripens the middle cf July, and will continue 
good but for a few days. 
2. Pyrus ( Chio ) fativa, frubtu asdivo minimo odora- 
tiffimo. Tourn. Poire de Chio , i. e. the Chio Pear , 
commonly called the little Bollard Mufk Pear. This is 
fmailer than the former, but is in fhape pretty much 
like that. The fkin, when ripe, has a few dreaks of 
red on the fide next the fun, and the fruit feldom 
hangs in cluders as the former, but in other refpedts 
is nearly like it. 
3. Pyrus ( Citron des Cannes) fativa, frubtu tedivo parvo, 
e viridi albido. Tourn. Poire Hdtiveau , i. e. the 
Rafting Pear •, Poire Madeleine, ou Citron des Car me s , 
called commonly the green Chifel. This is a larger Pear 
than either of the former, and is. produced more to- 
ward the pedicle. The fkin is thin, and of awh'itifh 
green colour when ripe j the flefh is melting, and, if 
not too ripe, of a fugary flavour, but is- apt to be 
meally. This ripens in the end of July. 
4. Pyrus ( Muf caddie ) fativa, frubtu sritivo partial fa- 
turate rubente, partim flavefeente, Tourn. Mufcadclles 
Rouges , i. e. the red Mufcadelle. It is alfo called 
La Bejliffime, i. e. the Faired or Supreme This is a 
large early Pear, of great beauty j the fkir. is of a fine 
