RAP 
horfe-hotng, all the weeds in the intervals will be en- 
tirely deftroyed ; fo that if a few plants of Charlock 
in the rows of Turneps fhould be overlooked, they 
may be eafily drawn out when they appear vifible ; 
and by this method, the land will be fooner and better 
cleaned from weeds. . 
The greatefl evil which attends a crop of Turneps, 
is that of their being deftroyed by the fly, which 
ufuaily happens foon after the plants come above 
ground, or while they are in the feed leaf ; for, after 
they have put out their rough leaves pretty ftrong, 
they will be paft this danger. This always happens 
in dry weather, fo that if there fhould be rain when 
the Turneps come up, they will grow fo fall, as to 
be in a few days out of danger from the fly ; and it 
hath been found, that thofe, which have been fown in 
drills, have efcaptd the fly much better than thofe 
fbwn in broad-caft ; but if foot is fown along the fur- 
face of each drill, it will be of great fervice to keep 
off the fly, and a fmall quantity of it will be fuf- 
ficient for a large field, where the drills only are to be 
covered. 
Another danger of the crops being deftroyed is from 
the caterpillars, which very often attack them, when 
they are grown fo large as to have fix or eight leaves 
on a plant. The fureft method of deftroying thefe 
infe&s is to turn a large parcel of poultry into the 
field, which fhould be kept hungry, and turned ear- 
ly in the morning into the field ; thefe fowls will foon 
devour the infedts, and clear the Turneps.' To this 
evil the Turneps, which are fown in drills, are not 
fo much expofed, for as the ground between the rows 
will be kept ftirred, the plants will be kept growing, 
fo will not be in danger of fuffering from thefe in- 
feels ; for the parent infedts never depofit their eggs 
upon any plants which are in health, but as foon as 
they are ftinted, they are immediately covered with 
the eggs of thefe infedts •, and this holds in general 
with the vegetables as with animals, who are leldom 
attacked by vermin when they are in perfect health •, 
whereas, when they become unhealthy, they are foon 
overfpread with them, fo that it is the difeafe which 
occaficns the vermin, and not the vermin the difeafe, 
as is commonly imagined. Therefore as the plants 
will always be na greater health when the ground is 
well ftirred about them, there will be lefs danger of 
their fuffering from thefe enemies, when they are cul- 
tivated by the horfe-hoe, than in the common way. 
When the Turneps are fown in drills, it will be the 
beft way to hoe between every other row at firft, and 
ibme time after to hoe the alternate intervals, by 
which method the plants will receive more benefit 
from the often ftirring the ground, than they would 
do if all the intervals were hoed at one time, and the 
plants will be in Ids danger of fuffering from the 
earth being thrown up too high on fome rows, while 
others may be left too bare of earth ; but, when the 
earth has been thrown up on one fide of the drill, it 
may be turned down again when the next interval is 
hoed, and this alternate moving of the earth will 
prepare the ground very well for the fucceeding crop, 
as well as greatly improve the Turneps * but, as this 
plough cannot well be drawn nearer to the drills than 
two or three inches, the remaining ground fhould be 
larked to loofen the parts, and make way for the 
fibres of the roots to ftrike out into the intervals, 
otherwife, if the land is ftrong, it will become fo 
hard in thole places which are not ftirred, as to Hint 
the growth of the Turneps, and this maybe done at 
a Imall expence *, a good hand will perform a great 
deal of this work in a day, and, whoever will make 
the trial, will find their account in praftifmg it, ef- 
pecially on all ftrong land, where the Turneps are 
much more liable to fuffer from the binding of the 
ground, than they will be on a loofe foil ; but yet, in 
all lores of ground, it will be of great fervice to prac- 
tife this. 
When the ground, is thus ftirred in every part, one 
ploughing will be Efficient, after the Turneps are 
eaten off the ground, to prepare it for the lowing of 
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Parley, or any other crop; fo that there will be an 
advantage in this, when the Turneps are kept late ori 
the ground, as will often b,e the cafe, especially when 
they are cultivated for feeding of ewes, became it is 
often the middle of April before the ground will be 
cleared ; for late feed in the fpring, before the natu- 
ral Grafs comes up, is the moft wanted, where num- 
bers of fheep and ewes are maintained, ,and one acre 
of Turneps will afford more feed than thirty acres of 
the beft pafture at that feafom 
In Norfolk and fome other counties, they cultivate 
great quantities of Turneps for feeding of black cat- 
tle, which turn to great advantage to their farms, 
for hereby they procure a good dreffing for their 
land ; fo that they have extraordinary good crops of 
Barley upon the fame ground, which would hot have 
been worth the ploughing, if it had not been thus 
hufbanded. 
When the Turneps are fed off the ground, the cattle 
fhould not be fuffered to run over too much of it at 
one time ; for if they are not confined by hurdles to 
as much as is fufficient for them one day, the cattle 
will fpoil three times the quantity of Turneps as they 
can eat, fo that it is very bad hufbandry to give therri 
too much room ; therefore the hurdles fhould be 
once or twice every day removed forward, and, if the 
Turneps are drawn out of the ground before the cat- 
tle or fheep are turned into the new inclofure, there 
will be lefs wafte made, for they will then eat up the 
whole roots ; whereas, if they are turned upon the 
Turneps growing, they will fcoop the roots, and 
leave the rinds, which being hollow, the urine of the 
fheep will lodge in them ; fo that when they are 
forked out of the ground, the fheep will not eat any 
one of thofe roots which are thus tainted. 
I cannot omit taking notice of a common miftake, 
which has generally prevailed with perfons who have 
not been well informed to the contrary, which is, in 
relation to the mutton which is fattened with Turneps, 
moft people believing it to be rank and ill tafted, 
whereas it is a known faff, that the beft mutton this 
country affords is all fattened on Turneps ; and that 
rank mutton, whofe fat is yellow, is what the low 
marfhy lands of Lincolnfhire, and other rank paftures, 
produce. 
In order to fave good Turnep-feeds, you fhould trans- 
plant fome of the faireft roots in February, placing 
them at leaft two feet afunder each way, obferving to 
keep the ground clear from weeds, until the Turneps 
have fpread fo as to cover the ground, when they will 
prevent the weeds from growing ; and when the feed- 
pods are formed, you fhould carefully guard them 
againft the birds, otherwife they will devour it, efpe- 
cially when it is near ripe ; at which time you fhould 
either fhoot the birds as they alight upon the feed, or 
lay fome birdlimed twigs upon it, whereby fome of 
them will be caught ; and, if they are permitted to 
remain fome time, and afterwards turned loofe, they 
will prevent the birds from coming thither again for 
fome time, as I have experienced. When the feed is 
ripe, it fhoufd be cut up, and fpread to dry in the 
fun ; after which it may be threfhed out, and preferved 
for ufe. 
There have been many receipts for preventing the fly 
taking Turneps, but few of them deferve notice, 
therefore I fhall only mention two or three which I 
have feen tried with fuccefs. The firft was fteeping 
the feeds in water with flower of brimftone mixed, fo 
as to make it ftrong of the brimftone : another was 
fteeping it in water with a quantity of the juice of 
Horfe- Aloes mixed ; both which have been found of 
ufe. The fowing of foot or Tobacco-duft over the 
young plants as foon as they appear above ground, 
has alio been found very ferviceable ; in Abort, what- 
ever will add vigour to the young plants will prevent 
their being deftroyed by the fly, for thefe never at- 
tack them till they are ftinted in their growth. 
R AFFIANTS. Tourn. Inft. R. Ho 229. tab.. xrq. 
Lin. Gen. Plant. 736. [of eafy, and to 
appear 5 q. d. a plant eafily appearing, for tips plant 
