1 1. Rhus ( Africa-mum ) foliis ternatis, foliolis ovatis ner- 
vofis, marginibus fsepitis dentatis, utrinque viridi- 
bus. Sumach with trifoliate leaves having oval veined 
lobes which are generally indented on their edges , and green 
on both fides. Rhus Africanum, trifoliatum majus 
glabrum, fplendente utrinque folio fubrotundo me- 
dio quandoque crenato. Boerh. Ind. alt. 2. p. 229. 
Greater , African , three-leaved Sumach , with fmooth 
roundifh leaves on both fides , which are fometmes crenated 
in the middle. 
12. Rhus ( Argent eum ) foliis ternatis, foliolis petiolatis 
lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis fubtus tomentofis. 
Hort. Cliff, hi. Sumach with trifoliate leaves , whofe 
lobes ft and upon foot-ftalks, are linear, fpear-Jhaped, en- 
tire, and downy on their under fide. Rhus Africanum 
trifoliatum majus, foliis fubtus argenteis acutis & 
margine incifis. Pluk. Phyt. tab. 219. fig. 6. Greater 
African three-leaved Sumach, with leaves which are fil- 
very on their under fide, and cut on their edges. 
13. Rhus ( Radalijawel ) foliis ternatis, foliolis ovatis 
acuminatis integerrimis, petiolatis, floribus panicula- 
tis terminalibus. Three-leaved Sumach , with oval acute- 
pointed lobes which are entire, upon foot-ftalks growing 
in panicles which terminate the branches. Phafeolus 
arborefcens Zeylanicus monocarpos, Radtelijawel. 
Plerm. Muf. Zeyl. 39. Tree Kidney-bean of Ceylon with 
a fingle fruit, called Rad.alijawel. 
14. Rhus ( Rigidum ) foliis ternatis linearibus integris ri- 
gidis glabris. Sumach with three linear , entire , rigid, 
fmooth leaves. 
15., Rhus ( Cotinus ) foliis 'fimplicibus obovatis. Lin. Sp. 
Plant. 267. Sumach with fingle, obverfe , oval leaves. 
Cotinus Coriaria. Docl. Pemp. 780. Venice Sumach, or 
Coccygria. 
The firft fort of Sumach grows naturally in Italy, 
Spain, and Turkey-, the branches of this tree are 
ufed inltead of Oak bark for tanning of leather, and 
I have been informed that the Turkey leather is all 
tanned with this fhrub. It hath a ftrong ligneous 
O O 
ftalk which divides into many irregular branches, 
which rife to the height of eight or ten feet ; the 
bark is hairy, and of an herbaceous brown colour 
while young ; the leaves are winged, and compofed of 
feven or eight pair of lobes terminated by an odd one ; 
the lobes are about two inches long, and half an inch 
wide in the middle ; they are bluntly fawed on their 
edges, and hairy on their under fide, of a yellowifh 
green colour ; they are placed alternately on the 
branches ; the flowers grow in looie panicles at the 
end of the branches, which are of a whitilh herbaceous 
colour, each panicle being compofed of feveral clofe 
fpikes of flowers fitting clofe to the foot-ftalks ; thefe 
appear in July, but are not fucceeded by feeds in 
England. The leaves and feeds of this fort are ufed 
in medicine, and are efteemed very reftringent and 
ftiptick, and good for all kinds of fluxes and hae- 
morrhages ; ufed both inwardly and outwardly, they 
refill putrefaction, and flop gangrenes and mortifi- 
cations. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in almoft every part 
of North America ; this hath a woody Item, from 
which are fent out many irregular branches, which are 
generally crooked and deformed. The young branches 
are covered with a foft velvet like down, refembling 
greatly that of a young ftag’s-horn both in colour and 
texture, from whence the common people have given 
it the appellation of Stag’s-horn ; the leaves are wing- 
ed, compofed of fix or feven pair of oblong lobes, 
terminated by an odd one, ending in acute points ; 
they are entire, and hairy on their under fide, as is 
alfo the midrib. The flowers are produced in clofe 
tufts at the end of the branches, which are fucceed- 
ed by feeds inclofed in purple, woolly, fucculent co- 
vers, fo that the bunches are of a beautiful purple 
colour in autumn, and the leaves before they fall, 
change alfo to a purplilh colour firft, and before they 
fall, to a feuillemort. This is ufed for tanning of 
leather in America, and the roots are often prefcribed 
in medicine in the countries where the plant grows 
naturally. 
The third fort grows naturally in many parts of North 
America ; this is commonly titled by the gardeners 
New England Sumach, The ftem of this fort is 
ftronger, and riles higher than that of the former ; 
the branches fpread more horizontally ; they are not 
quite fo downy as thofe of the laft, and the down is 
of a brownifti colour ; the leaves are compofed of 
many more pair of lobes, which are fmooth on both 
fides ; the flowers are difpofed in looie panicles, which 
are of an herbaceous colour ; they appear about the 
fame time with thofe of the former, but are not fuc- 
ceeded by feeds in England. 
The fourth fort grows naturally in Carolina ; the feeds 
of this were brought from thence by the late Mr. 
Catefby, who has given a figure of the plant in his 
Natural Hiftory of Carolina. This is by the gardeners 
called the fcarlet Carolina Sumach ; it riles common- 
ly to the height of feven or eight feet, and divides 
into many irregular branches, which are fmooth, of 
a purple colour, and pounced over with a grayilh 
powder, as are alfo the foot-ftalks of the leaves, which 
are of a purplilh colour. The leaves are compofed 
of feven or eight pair of lobes terminated by an odd 
one ; thefe are not always placed exa&ly oppo- 
fite on the midrib, but are fometimes alternate ; they 
are three or four inches long, and almoft one broad 
in the middle, ending in acute points, and are fawed 
on their edges. The upper fide of the lobes are of 
a dark green, and their under hoary, but fmooth. 
The flowers are produced at the end of the branches 
in very clofe thick panicles which are large, and of a 
bright red colour ; they appear in July and Auguft, 
and continue till autumn, but the feeds do not ripen 
in England. 
The fifth fort grows naturally in Canada, Maryland, 
and feveral other parts of North America ; this hath 
fmooth branches, of a purple colour, covered with a 
gray pounce. The leaves are compofed of feven or 
eight pair of lobes terminated by an odd one ; the lobes 
are fpear-ftiaped, four inches and a half long, and 
one broad in the middle, terminating in acute points, 
and are a little fawed on their edges ; they are of a 
lucid green on their upper furface, but hoary on their 
under, and are fmooth. The flowers are produced 
at the end of the branches in large panicles, which 
are compofed of feveral fmaller, each Handing upon 
leparate foot-ftalks ; they are of a deep red colour, 
and the whole panicle is covered with a gray pounce, 
as if it had been fcattered over them. This fort flow- 
ers at the fame time with the fourth, but does not 
ripen feeds here. 
The fixth fort grows naturally in moft parts of North 
America, where it is known by the title of Beech 
Sumach, probably from the places where it grows. 
This is of humbler growth than either of the former, 
ieldom rifing more than four or five feet high, divid- 
ing into many fpreading branches which are fmooth, 
of a light brown colour, and are pretty clofely gar- 
nilhed with winged leaves ; they are compofed of four 
or five pair of narrow lobes terminated by an odd one ; 
they are entire, about two inches long, and half an 
inch broad, ending in acute points ; they are of a light 
green on both fides, and in autumn change purplilh. 
The midrib which fuftains the lobes, has on each fide 
a winged or leafy border, which runs from one pair 
of lobes to another, ending in joints at each pair, by 
which it is eafily diftinguifhed from the other forts. 
The flowers are produced in looie panicles at the end 
of the branches ; they are of a yellowifh herbaceous 
colour, and appear in July, but the feeds do not ripen 
in England. 
Thefe fix forts are hardy plants, and will thrive in 
the open air in England. The firft and fourth forts 
are not quite fo hardy as the others, fo muft have a 
better fituation, otherwife their branches will be in- 
jured by fevere froft in the winter; they are eafily 
propagated by feeds, when obtained from the coun- 
tries where they grow, which, if fown in autumn, 
the plants will come up the following fpring ; but if 
they are fown in the lpring, they feldom come up till 
the 
