ROY 
the plants being more ftinted and ftrong, and then- 
roots being drier. 
The flowers of the narrow-leaved garden fort are ufed 
in medicine, as are alfo the leaves and feeds. 
ROY ENA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 491. 
The title of this genus was given to it by Dr. Lin- 
naeus, in honour of Dr. Adrian Van Royen, latepro- 
feflfor of botany at Leyden in Holland. 
The Characters are, 
The flower has a bellied permanent empalement of one leaf , 
whofe mouth is obtufe and five-pointed. It is of one pe- 
tal , having a tube the length of the empalement , but the 
brim is divided into five fegments which turn back. It 
hath ten port Jlamina growing to the petal terminated by 
oblong , erect, twin fummits the length of the tube , and 
an oval hairy germen fitting upon two Jlyles a little longer 
than the Jlamina , crowned by Jingle fligmas. The empale- 
ment afterward turns to an oval capfule with four fur- 
rows, having one cell with four valves, containing four 
oblong triangular feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fe&ion 
of Linnaeus’s tenth clafs, which includes thofe plants 
whole flowers have ten ftamina and two ftyles. 
The Species are, 
1. Royen a ( Lucida ) foliis ovatis fcabriufculis. Hort. 
Cliff. 149. Roycna with oval rough leaves. Staphylo- 
dendrum Africanum, folio fingulari lucido. Herrn. 
Farad. 232. African Bladder-nut with a Jingle pining leaf. 
2. Royena ( Glabra ) foliis lanceolatis glabris. Prod. 
Leyd. 441. Royena with fnooth fpear-paped leaves. 
Vitis Idaea fEthiopica, buxi minoris folio, floribus 
albis. Hort. Amft. i.p. 125. Ethiopian Whortleberry, 
with a fmaller Box leaf and white flowers. 
3. Royena (. Hirfuta ) foliis lanceolatis hirfutis. Prod. 
Leyd. 441. Royena with hairy fpear-paped leaves. Sta- 
phylodendrum Africanum, folio lanuginofo rolfnarini 
latiori. Boerh. Ind. alt. 2. p. 235. African Bladder- 
nut, with a broader, downy, Rofemary leaf. 
The firft fort has been long an inhabitant of fome cu- 
rious gardens in England, but it is not very common 
here, being very difficult to propagate. 
This plant grows eight or ten feet high, and puts out 
its branches on every fide, fo may be trained up to a 
regular head : the branches are cloathed with oval 
ffiining leaves, which are placed alternately, and con- 
tinue all the year, fo make an agreeable variety among 
other exotic plants in the green-houfe, during the 
winter feafon. The flowers are produced from the 
wings of the leaves along the branches, but as they 
have little beauty, few perfons regard them. I have 
not obferved any fruit produced by thefe plants in 
England. 
The fecond fort grows naturally at the Cape of Good 
Hope j this rifes with a fhrubby ftalk five or fix feet 
high, fending out many {lender branches, covered 
with a purpliili bark, and garnifhed with ftnall oval 
leaves lels than thofe of the Box-tree •, they are fmooth, 
entire, and of a lucid green, continuing all the year. 
The flowers come out from the wings of the leaves 
round the branches, they are ffiaped like a pitcher, 
and are white ; thefe are fucceeded by roundiffi pur- 
ple fruit, which ripen in the winter. 
The third fort grows naturally at the Cape of Good 
Hope *, this rifes with a ftrong woody ftalk leven or 
eight feet high, covered with a gray bark, fending 
out many ftnall branches alternately, which are gar- 
niffied with fpear-fhaped leaves about an inch long, 
and a quarter broad in the middle ; they are hoary, 
and are covered with foft hairs. The flowers come 
out upon fhort foot-ftalks from the fide of the 
branches ; they are of a worn-out purple colour and 
fmall. They appear in July, but are not fucceeded 
by feeds in England. 
Thefe plants are too tender to live through the win- 
ter in the open air in England, therefore they muft 
be removed into the green-houfe in autumn, and 
treated in the fame way as Orange-trees, with which 
culture the plants will thrive. The firft and third 
forts are difficult to propagate here, for the branches 
which are laid down feldom put out roots, and thofe 
which do, are two or three years before they wilt 
have made roots fufficient to tranfplant, and their 
cuttings very rarely fucceed ; and thefe being the 
only methods by which they can be increafed in thofe 
countries, where they do not produce feeds, are ufu- 
ally pradtifed. The beft time to plant the cuttings, 
is early in the fpring ; thefe ffiould be planted in 
fmall pots filled with foft loamy earth, and plunged 
into a very moderate hot- bed. The pots ffiould be 
clolely covered down with hand-glaffes to exclude 
the external air, and the cuttings refrefhed with a 
little water every eighth or tenth day, according as 
the earth becomes dry, for much moifture will kill 
them. If the cuttings flioot, they muft be gradually 
inured to bear the open air, and when they are well 
rooted, they fhould be each planted in a feparate fmall 
pot, and afterward treated as the old plants. 
If the plants put out any young ffioots from the bot- 
tom, they fhould be carefully laid down in the ground 
while young, becaufe when the fhoots are tender they 
are more apt to put out roots, than after they are be- 
come woody and hard $ thefe branches ffiould be flit 
in the fame manner as is praftifed in laying of Carna- 
tions : they muft be frequently, but gently watered, 
during the warm weather in fumrher, but in cold wea- 
ther it muft be fparingly given them *, when thefe are 
rooted, they may be taken off, and treated in the fame 
way as the cuttings. 
The fecond fort is very apt to fend up fuckers from 
the roots, which may be taken off with the roots, and 
thereby increafed ; or thofe which do not put out roots, 
may belaid down in the fame manner as the former , 
and the cuttings of this more frequently fucceed than 
thofe of the other, fo that this fort is much eafier 
propagated. 
RUBEOLA. See Asperula, Gallium, and She- 
rardia. 
RUBIA. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 113. tab. 38. Lin. 
Gen. Plant. 1 19. [takes its name from its red colour, 
becaufe the root of this plant is ufed in dyeing a red 
colour.] Madder •, in French, Garance. 
The Characters are. 
The empalement of the flower is fmall, cut into flour 
fegments , and fits upon the germen. The flower has one 
bell-paped petal having no tube , but is divided into flour 
parts. It hath flour awl-paped Jlamina which are port- 
er than the petals, terminated by Jingle fummits ; and a 
twin germen under the flower, fupporting a Jlender flyle 
divided into two parts upward, and crowned by two head- 
ed fligmas. The germen afterward become two fmooth 
berries joined together, each having one roundip feed with 
a navel. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feeftion of 
Linnteus’s fourth clafs, which contains thofe plants 
whofe flowers have four ftamina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Rubia ( Tindtorum ) foliis fenis lanceolatis fuperne gla- 
bris. Madder with fix fpear-paped leaves in whorls , 
whofle upper furf aces are fmooth. Rubia tinclorum fati- 
va. C. B. P.333. Cultivated Dyer s Madder. 
2. Rubia ( Sylveflris ) foliis inferioribus fenis, fuperne 
quaternis binifve, utrinque afperis. Madder with the 
lower leaves growing by fixes round the ftalks, and the 
upper ones by fours or pairs, which are rough on both 
fides. Rubia fylveftris afpera, quae fylveftris Diofco- 
ridis. C. B. F. 333. Rough wild Madder of Dioj corides. 
3. Rubia ( Peregrina ) foliis quaternis. Prod. Leyd. 254. 
Madder with flour leaves which are placed round the 
flalks. Rubia quadrifolia afperrima lucida peregrina. 
H. L. 523. Foreign four-leaved Bladder, with (hinin? 
rough leaves. 
The firft fort which is cultivated for the root, which 
is ufed in dyeing and flaining of linens, grows natu- 
rally in the Levant. This hath a perennial root and 
an annual ftalk ■, the root is compofed of many long, 
thick, fucculent fibres, almoft as large as a man’s lit- 
tle finger j thefe are joined at the top in a head, like 
the roots of Afparagus, and root very deep into the 
ground j I have taken up roots, whofe ftrong fibres 
have been more than three feet long * from the upper 
part 
