I 
RUB 
lis, flore purpureo. Buxb. Cent. p. 13. Dwarf Bram- 
ble with a purple flower. 
10. Rueus ( Cham amor us ) foliis fimplicibus lobatis, cau- 
le unifloro. Flor. Suec. 413. Bramble withfingle leaves 
having lobes , and a ftalk bearing one flower. Chamse- 
morus. Cluf. Hift. 118. The Dwarf Mulberry , or 
Cloudberry. 
11. Rubus (DaUbarda) foliis fimplicibus cordatis indi- 
vifis crenatis, fcapo aphyllo unifloro. Lin. Sp. Plant. 
708. Bramble with fingle,heart-jhaped , undivided leaves, 
and one flower on each ftalk. 
The firft fort grows naturally on the fide of banks, 
and in hedges, in molt parts of England, fo is not 
cultivated in gardens *, this is fo well known as to 
need no defcription. Of this there are the following 
varieties : 
1. The common Bramble with white fruit, which was 
found in a hedge near Oxford by Mr. Jacob Bobart. 
The branches of this fort are covered with a light 
green bark ; the leaves are of a brighter green than 
the common fort, and the fruit is white, but it fel- 
dom produces fruit in gardens. 
2. The Bramble without thorns ; this is in every re- 
fpeft like the firft, but the branches and foot-ftalks 
have no thorns. 
3. The Bramble withe legant cut leaves •, this differs 
from the firft in the leaves, being finely cut. 
4. The Bramble with double flowers ; this differs from 
the firft in having very double flowers, fo is frequent- 
ly planted in gardens for ornament. 
5. The Bramble with variegated leaves. This is by 
fome preferved in gardens, but is very apt to become 
plain, if planted in good ground. 
Thefe forts are eafily propaged by laying down their 
branches, which will put out roots at every joint very 
freely. They may be tranfplanted any time from 
September to March, and will grow in almoft any 
foil or fituation. 
The fecond fort hath weaker trailing ftalks than the 
firft ; the leaves are trifoliate, and the lobes are larger 
than thofe of the other ; the fruit is fmaller, the acini 
larger, and but few in each fruit, which are of a 
deeper black colour. This grows naturally in Eng- 
land, and is known by the title of Dewberry. 
The third fort is the Rafpberry, which grows natu- 
rally in the woods in the northern parts of England, 
but is cultivated in gardens for its fruit, which fup- 
plies the table at the feafon when they are ripe. 
There are two or three varieties of this, one with a 
red, and the other with a white fruit, and the third 
generally produces two crops of fruit annually ; the 
firft ripens in July, and the fecond in Oftober, but 
thofe of the latter feafon have feldom much flavour. 
Thefe are accidental varieties, but the fourth fort I 
believe to be a diftinft fpecies, for the leaves are tri- 
foliate, larger than thofe of the common fort, wool- 
ly on their under fide, and the branches and ftalks 
have no thorns. This produces but few fruit, and 
thofe are fmall, which has occafioned its being ne- 
glefted. 
The Rafpberry is generally propagated by fuckers, 
though I Ihould prefer fuch plants as are raifed by 
layers, becaufe they will be better rooted, and not fo 
liable to fend out fuckers as the other, which generally 
produce fuch quantities of fuckers from their roots, 
as to fill the ground in a year or two ; and where they 
are not carefully taken off or thinned, will caufe the 
fruit to be fmall, and in lefs quantities •, efpecially 
when the plants are placed near each other, which is 
too often the cafe, for there are few perfons who al- 
low thefe plants fufficient room. 
In preparing thefe plants, their fibres fhould be fhort- 
ened ; but the buds which are placed at a fmall dif- 
tance from the Item of the plant, muft not be cut off, 
becaufe thofe produce the new fhoots the following 
fummer. Thefe plants fliould be planted about two 
feet afunder in the rows, and four or five feet diftance 
row from row ; for if they are planted too clofe, their 
fruit is never fo fair, nor will ripen fo kindly, as when 
R U D 
they have room for the air to pafs between the rows. 
The foil in which they thrive belt, is a frelh ftrong 
loam, for in warm light ground they do not produce 
fo great plenty of fruit, for they naturally grow in 
cold land and in fhade •, therefore when they are 
planted in a warm fituation and a light foil, they do 
not fucceed. 
The feafon fordrefling them is in Oftober, at which 
time all the old wood that produced fruit the pre^ 
ceding fummer, fhould be cut down below the fur- 
face of the ground, and the young fhoots of the fame 
year muft be fhortened to about two feet in length 5 
then the fpaces between the rows fhould be well dug, 
to encourage their roots ; if you bury a very little 
rotten dung therein, it will make them fhoot vigo- 
roufly the fummer following, and their fruit will be 
much fairer. During the fummer feafon they fhould 
be kept clean from weeds, which, with the before- 
mentioned culture, is all the management they will 
require •, but it is proper to make new plantations 
once in three or four years, becaufe when the plants 
are buffered to remain long, they will produce few 
and fmall fruit. 
The Virginian flowering Rafpberry, is commonly 
propagated in the nurferies as a flowering fhrub. The 
flowers of this fort are as large as fmall Rofes, and 
there is a fuccefiion of them for two months or more, 
fo that they make an agreeable variety during their 
continuance. This fort frequently produces fruit in 
England, which are not fo large as thofe of the com- 
mon fort, and have little flavour. Thefe ripen in 
September or the beginning of Oftober. 
The Virginian Rafpberry rifes with purplifh ftalks a 
little higher than the common fort ; the leaves are of 
a lucid green on their upper fide, but hoary on their 
under ; their foot-ftalks are taper -, the fruit is fhaped 
like thofe of the common Blackberry, and are of a 
deep black when ripe ; the fruit has little flavour, fo 
the plants are never cultivated for their fruit here. It 
ripens late in autumn. 
The eighth fort grows naturally upon rocky hills in 
the northern counties of England, and moft of the 
northern parts of Europe. This hath trailing herba- 
ceous ftalks, which put out roots at their joints, 
whereby it propagates in plenty •, the leaves are trifo- 
liate, the lobes are large, and of a lucid green j the 
fruit are fmall, fo not worth cultivating. 
The ninth fort grows naturally in Norway, Sweden, 
and Siberia •, this hath an upright ftalk about three 
inches high, garniflied with fmall trifoliate leaves j 
the ftalk is terminated by one purple flower, which is 
fucceeded by a fmall red fruit, having the fcent and 
flavour of Strawberries. This plant grows naturally 
upon mofly bogs, fo cannot be cultivated to any pur- 
pofe on dry ground, and is preferved in a few gardens 
for the fake of variety. 
The tenth fort grows naturally upon fome of the high- 
eft hills in the north of England and Scotland, alfo 
upon high boggy places in the northern parts of Eu- 
rope. This plant cannot be tranfplanted into gar- 
dens fo as to thrive ; the ftalks rife about fix or eight 
inches high, and are generally garnilhed with two 
lobated leaves, Handing at a diftance from each other. 
The ftalk is terminated by a fingle flower, which is 
fucceeded by a fmall black fruit, not much unlike 
that of the Dewberry, and is by fome perfons much 
efteemed ; the red and black game feed much upon 
it in the feafon. 
The eleventh fort grows naturally in Canada ; it has 
a creeping herbaceous root, fending out trailing her- 
baceous ftalks, which frequently put out roots •, the 
leaves are for the moft part compofed of three heart- 
fhaped lobes, which are veined and hairy •, the flowers 
have five white petals : the flowers are male and fe- 
male on the fame plant, and the fruit is fomewhat 
like the laft. 
RUDBECKIA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 878. Obelifco- 
theca. Vaill. Aft. Par. 1720. Bobartia. Pet. Muf, 
Dwarf Sunflower, vulgo. 
The 
