f 
The Characters are, 
It hath female and her/m aphrodite florets inclofled in one 
common empalement , compefled of two orders of leaves , 
the flcales of which are plain , broad, and floort. “The 
rays or border of the flower is compofed of female half 
florets , which are fir etched out on one fide like a tongue , 
and end with two or three Indentures •, thefe have ger- 
' men fitting upon proper receptacles , but have neither 
ftyle or ftamina „ and are barren. The hermaphrodite 
florets are tnbulous , funnel-jhaped , and indented in five 
parts at the brim. Dhey have five fhort hair-like ftami- 
na in each , terminated by cylindrical fummits , and ager- 
men fitting in the common empalement , having a fender 
ftyle crowned by a reflexed ftigrna, divided into two parts, 
ft he germen afterward become Jingle , oblong , four-corner- 
ed feeds , crowned by their proper cup , which has four 
indentures. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the third fetftion 
of -Linnaeus’s nineteenth clafs, which includes the 
plants whofe flowers are compofed of hermaphrodite 
fruitful florets, and female barren half florets. 
The Species are, 
1. Rudbeckia ( Hirta ) foliis indivifis fpatulato-ovatis, 
radii petalis emarginatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 907. Rud- 
beckia with oval , flpattle-fhaped , undivided leaves , and 
the petals of the rays indented. Chryfanthemum hele- 
nii folio, umbone floris, grandiuicula prominente. 
Pluk. Aim. 99. tab. 242. Corn Marygold with an 
Elecampane leaf , and a large prominent middle to the flow- 
er , commonly called Dwarf A?nerican Sunflower. 
2. Rudbeckia ( Purpurea ) foliis lanceolato-ovatis alter- 
nis indivifis, petalis radii bifidis. Flor. Virg. 104. 
Rudbeckia with oval , fpear-jhaped, undivided leaves , 
placed alternate , and the petals of the ray bifid. Chry- 
fanthemum Americanum, doronici folio, flore per- 
lici coloris, umbone magno prominente ex atro pur- 
pureo viridi & aureo fulgente. Pluk. Aim. 99. Ame- 
rican Corn Marygold with a Leopardfbane leaf , a Peach- 
coloured flower , and a large prominent middle of a dark 
purple , green , and fhining gold colour , commonly called 
Dwarf Carolina Sunflower. 
3. Rudbeckia ( Triloba ) foliis fpatulatis, eaulinis qui- 
bufdam trilobis, ramis indivifis. Hort. UpfaL 269. 
Rudbeckia with under leaves flpattle-fhaped , and the upper 
ones with three lobes. Chryfanthemum cannabinum 
Virginianum hirfutum, difeo magno, petalis aureis 
radiato. Pluk. Aim. 100. tab. 22. fig. 2. Virginian 
Hemp Agrimony , with a large difk to the flower , and the 
petals of the rays of a gold colour. 
.4. Rudbeckia ( Laciniata ) foliis inferioribus compofitis 
acute dentatis, eaulinis fimplicibus integris dentatif- 
que. Rudbeckia with compound , indented , lower leaves , 
thofe upon the fltalks Jingle , entire , and indented. Corona 
foils foliis amplioribus laciniatis. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 
490. Sunflower with large jagged leaves. 
5. Rudbeckia ( ffluinata ) foliis omnibus quinatis, acute 
dentatis exterioribus trilobatis. Rudbeckia with all the 
leaves compofed of five lobes which are fharply indented , 
and the outer ones divided into three. Corona fobs foliis 
anguftioribus laciniatis. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 490. Sun- 
flower with narrow jagged haves. 
6. Rudbeckia (. Digitalis ) foliis inferioribus compofitis, 
eaulinis quinatis ternatifque, fummis fimplicibus. 
Rudbeckia with compound lower leaves , thofe on the ftalks 
quinque foil ate and trifoliate , and the top ones Jingle. Obe- 
lifcotheca petalis florum peranguftis longis, foliis di- 
gitalis, caule glabro ferrugineo. Amman. Sunflower 
with long narrow petals to the flower, hand-fhaped leaves , 
and a fmooth iron-coloured ftalk. 
.7. Rudbeckia jAngnfti folia ) foliis oppofitis integerri- 
mis. Gron. Virg. 181. Rudbeckia with linear entire 
leaves placed oppofite. 
The firft fort grows naturally in Virginia, and feveral 
other parts of North America. The root of this will 
continue four or five years, but unlefs there is care 
taken to fhelter it in winter, the plants are fometimes 
deftroyed by cold or too much wet. This fort fends 
out heads by which it may be propagated ; the leaves 
are oblong, oval, and hairy ; the ftalks rife a foot 
and a half high, and have one or two leaves near the 
R U D 
bottom. The foot-ftalk which ftipports the flower, 
is naked near a foot in length, and is terminated by 
one pretty large yellow flower, fhaped fomewhat like 
the Sunflower, from whence it was titled Dwarf Sun- 
flower. The petals or rays of the flower are very 
ftiff, and are (lightly indented at their points ; the 
middle or difk of the flower is very prominent, py- 
ramidal, and of a dark purple colour. Thefe flowers 
are of long duration ; I have frequently obferved one 
flower has continued in beauty near fix weeks, and 
as the plants produce many flowers, fo there is a fuc- 
cefllon of them on the fame plant, from the middle 
of July till the froft puts a flop to them, which ren- 
ders them more valuable. This fort will fometimes 
produce good feeds in England, when the feafons are 
very favourable ; but they are generally propagated 
here by offsets or flips, unlefs when good feeds can be 
procured from America, The beft time to feparate 
the offsets is in the fpring, becaufe the plants continue 
td flower fo late in autumn, as to render it impracti- 
cable to perform it till the fpring, fo that the flips will 
flower but weak the fame year. The plants will live 
abroad in the open air through the winter, if they are 
planted in a dry foil and a warm fituation ; but it will 
always be prudent to fhelter two or three plants un- 
der a common hot-bed frame in winter to preferve 
the kind, becaufe in very fevere winters they are often 
killed. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in Carolina, andalfo 
in Virginia. This is a perennial plant like the former, 
but very rarely produces feeds in England ; nor do 
the plants put out heads whereby it may be propa- 
gated like the other, fo that it is at prefent not very 
common here. The leaves of this fort are longer and 
broader than t thofe of the other, and are fmooth, 
having three veins ; the ftalks which fupport the 
flowers are taller, and have two or three narrow leaves 
on each, which are placed alternate : on the top is 
one flower with long, narrow. Peach-coloured petals, 
which are reflexed ; the middle or difk of herma- 
phrodite florets is very prominent, and of a dark 
purple colour, but the fummits upon the ftamina be- 
ing of a gold colour, adds a luftre to the other. This 
fort may be treated in the fame manner as the other, 
by fheltering of it in winter ; it flowers at the fame 
feafon, but the flowers are not of fo long duration as 
thofe of the former. 
The third fort grows naturally in feveral parts of North 
America ; this is a biennial plant, which in warm 
fummers perfects its feeds in England ; the lower 
leaves of this fort are divided into three lobes, but 
thofe upon the ftalks are undivided ; they are hairy, 
and fhaped like thofe of the firft fort ; the ftalks 
branch out on their fldes, and are better garnifhed 
with leaves than either of the other. The flowers are 
very like thofe of the firft fort, but are fmaller ; the 
plants will live through the winter in the open air in 
mild feafons, and may be propagated by flips or heads; 
but the beft way is to raife the plants from feeds, be- 
caufe thofe will flower much better than fuch as are 
procured by flips ; the fecond year the feedling plants 
will flower, and produce ripe feeds. 
The fourth fort grows naturally in mod parts of 
North America, and has been long an inhabitant in 
the European gardens, where it was generally known 
by the title of Sunflower. The root of this is peren- 
nial, but the ftalk is annual ; the lower leaves are 
compofed of five broad lobes, which are deeply cut in- 
to acute points, and fome of them are jagged almoft 
to the midrib ; the outer lobe is frequently cut into 
three deep fegments. The ftalks rife feven or eight 
feet high, and divide upward into feveral branches ; 
they are fmooth, green, and garnifhed with Angle 
leaves, which are oval and heart-fhaped ; fome of 
thefe are indented on their edges, others are entire. 
The foot-ftalks which fuftain the flowers are naked, 
and terminated by a Angle flower with yellow petals 
or rays, fhaped like thofe of the Sunflower, but 
fmaller. This does not produce feeds here, but is 
eafllv propagated by parting of the roots, in the fame 
manner 
