RUT 
hairs ; they have ten thick ftamina, five of which 
are alternately longer than the petals. ; the feed-veffels 
are like thofe of the firft fort. 
The fixth fort grows naturally in Spain ; this rifes 
with feveral Angle (talks from the root near a foot and 
a half high, which are garnifhed with (ingle leaves 
about three quarters of an inch long, and one eighth 
cf an inch broad ; they are of a yeilowifh green co- 
lour, and are placed alternately on the (talks, to which 
they fit pretty dole •, at the bate of thefe come out 
one or tv/o very fmall leaves, of the fame (hape and 
colour. The (lowers grow in fmall clufters at the end 
of the (talks ; they have each five oblong yellow pe- 
tals, and ten ftamina of equal length with them, ter- 
minated by awl-lhaped fummits. This flowers in 
June, and the feeds ripen in autumn ; the plants are 
generally biennial in England. 
The feventh fort rifes with an eredt (talk about two 
feet high, garnifned with compound leaves, whofe 
fmaller leaves are narrow and obtufe, of a grayifti 
colour, but have notfo (trong an odour as the former. 
The upper part of the (talk divides in form of a 
corymbus, fuftaining upon naked foot-ftalks fmall 
bunches of yellow flowers, which have five concave 
petals, and ten ftamina which are much longer than 
the petals, terminated by roundifti fummits. 
The eighth fort grows near Padua ; this feems to be 
a plant of fliort duration •, the (talk rifes fingly from 
the root, is about a foot high, herbaceous, and gar- 
niftied with narrow trifoliate leaves placed alternately 
on the (talk, to which it clofely adheres •, the ftalk 
branches at the top in form of an umbel, fuftaining 
many yellow flowers, compofed of five plain petals, 
having no hairs on their borders. It is propagated by 
feeds, which if fown in the autumn, foon after it is 
ripe, the plants will come up the following fpring ; 
but when the feeds are fown in the fpring, the plants 
feldom rife the fame year. If thefe grow upon poor 
ground, or in rubbifii and in a warm fituation, they 
will live in the open air without covering, but in rich 
ground they are frequently killed in winter. 
All thefe plants may be propagated either by fowing 
of their feeds, or by planting flips or cuttings ; both 
of which may be done in the fpring. The manner of 
propagating them from cuttings being the fame as for 
Lavender, Staechas, and other hardy aromatic plants, 
need not be here repeated ; and if they are propa- 
gated by feeds, there needs no farther care but to dig 
a bed of frefh earth in the fpring, making it level ; 
then to fow the feed thereon, and rake the ground 
fmooth ; after which, you muft obferve to keep the 
bed clear from weeds until the plants are come up 
about two inches high, when they (hould be trans- 
planted out into frelb beds, where they may remain 
for ufe. All thefe plants muft have a dry foil, other- 
wife they are very fubjedt to be deftroyed in winter. 
The two Aleppo Rues, and the wild Rues are ten- 
derer than the common fort, fo require ftielter in win- 
ter; but the Aleppo Rues will endure our ordinary 
winters very well in the open air, efpecially if they 
are planted on a dry foil. 
The fixth and feventh forts are tenderer than either of 
the other, and are of fhorter duration. The feeds of 
the feventh fort were fent me from Gibraltar Hill, 
where the plant grows naturally ; this doth not ripen 
its feeds here, unlefs the fummers are warm •, and in 
hard winters the plants are generally killed, unlefs they 
are removed into (helter. 
The fixth fort will live through the winter in the open 
air, provided it is planted in a poor dry foil, and the 
fecond year it will perfect feeds ; but as it is of a (hort 
duration, young plants (hould be annually raifed to 
fucceed the others. 
All the forts of Rue will live much longer, and are 
lefs liable to be injured by froft in winter, when they 
grow in a poor, dry, rubbifhy foil, than in good 
ground; for in rich moift land the plants grow very 
vigoroufiy in furnmer, and are fo replete with moifture, 
that a fmall froft will kill their tender (hoots ; where- 
ft U Y 
as in poor dry ground, or when they grow upon old 
walls, their growth will not be great, but their (hoots 
will be hard and compact, fo are more able to refift 
the cold. 
The firft fort was formerly died to plant for edgings 
on the fides of borders ; it was then called Herb 
of Grace, but was by no means proper for this ufe, 
for the plants (hoot fo vigoroufiy, that there is no 
keeping them within the bounds of an edging ; 
befides, when they are kept clofely fheered, they 
appear to be very ragged and ftumpy, and their 
roots fpread fo far as to exhauft the goodnefs of 
the foil, fo that the other plants would be deprived 
of their nourishment, which reafons have caufed 
them to be wholly neglefted for this purpofe ; fo that 
at prefent they are chiefly cultivated for medicinal 
ufe, or to furnifti the balconies for the citizens in the 
fpring, efpecially that with a variegated leaf. 
RUTA CAN IN A. See Scrophularia. 
R U T A MURARI A, Wall-rue, or white Maiden- 
hair. 
This plant is found growing out of the joints of old 
walls in divers parts of England, where it is gathered 
for medicinal ufe ; but as it cannot be cultivated in 
gardens, fo as to grow to advantage, I (hall not fay 
any thing more of it in this place. 
RUYSCHIANA. Boerh. Ind alt. i. p.172. Dra- 
cocephalum. Lin. Gen. Plant. 648. 
The Characters are, 
The flower hath a permanent empalement of one leaf, which 
is tuhulous , and is cut into five fegments pit the top, the 
upper one being broader and blunter than the other ; it is 
of the Up kind , having one petal which has a tube longer 
than the empalement. The chaps are large and j welling ; 
the upper lip is ereUl and arched ; it is gently indented at 
the top ; the lower lip is trifid ; the two fide fegments are 
narrow, and fland ereUl ; the middle is broad, reflexed , 
and indented at the point. It hath four ftamina , two of 
which are long, and fituated under the upper lip ; the 
other two are fhorter , and fituated juft below them ; they 
are terminated by oblong fummits fafiened in the middle i 
it has four germen fituated at the bottom of the em- 
palement, fupporting a fender ftyle the length of the fia- 
mina , crowned by a bifid reflexed ftigma. The germen 
afterward become four oblong feeds which ripen in the 
empalement. 
This genus of plants is joined to the Dracocephalum 
by Dr. Linnteus, which is ranged in the firft feflion 
of his fourteenth clafs, containing the plants whofe 
flowers have two long and two fhorter ftamina, and 
are fucceeded by naked feeds ripening in the erm 
palement. 
The Species are, 
1. Ruyschiana f pic at a) floribus fpicatis, foliis brac- 
teifque linearibus glabris indivifis. Ruyfchiana with 
fpiked flowers, linear leaves, and brallea which are fmooth 
and undivided. Ruyulchiana (lore cacruleo magno. 
Boerh. Ind. alt. 1. p. 172. Ruyfchiana with a large blue 
flower. 
2. Ruyschiana ( Laciniata ) floribus fpicatis, foliis li- 
nearibus trifidis hirfutis. Ruyfchiana with fpiked flowers^ 
and hairy, linear, three-pointed leaves. Ruyfchiana 
hirfuta, foliis laciniatis. Amman. Ruth. 50. Hairy 
Ruyfchiana with jagged leaves. 
3. Ruyschiana ( Verticillata ) floribus axillaribus, foliis 
lanceolatis dentatis glabris. Ruyfchiana with flowers 
growing at the wings of the folks , and fmooth, indent ed i 
fpear-fhaped leaves. Dracocephalon foliis ex lanceolato- 
linearibus rarius dentatis fpinulpfis, floribus gemellis. 
Gmel. Dragon'' s-head with linear fpear-fhaped. leaves 
which are rarely indented, and fomewhat prickly , and 
flowers growing by pairs. 
The firft fort grows naturally in Auftria and Hun- 
gary ; this hath a perennial root, and an annual 
ftalk, which is four-cornered, and rifes about two 
feet high, garnifhed with two fmooth linear leaves 
at each joint, about one inch long, and one-eio-hth 
of an inch broad, with a deep furrow along the 
middle ; and at each joint, at the other fides of the 
ftalk. 
