R U Y 
ftaik, come one two or three very narrow fmall 
leaves of the fame fhape. The flowers are produced 
in whorled fpikes at the top of the ftalks, having 
fmall narrow leaves under each whorl. The flowers 
have fabulous empalements of one leaf, which are 
cut into five fegments at the top, four of which are 
narrow, and end in acute points ; the other, which 
is on the upper fide of the flower is broader, and is 
rounded at the point. The tube of the flower is 
longer than the empalement, and is fwelling and 
large at the chaps ; the upper lip is broad, erebt, and 
arched over the tube ; the lower lip is fhorter, and 
has two fhort fide fegments which are erebl, but 
the middle fegment is broad, rounded, and indented 
at the point, and is reflexed back to the tube. It has 
four (lamina which lie clofe under the upper lip, 
and are arched in the fame manner ; two of thefe 
are as long as the ftyle, which (lands in the fame 
pofition ; the other two are fhorter, and are fituated 
juft below the other-, they are terminated by ob- 
long fummits, which are fattened in the middle to 
the (lamina. The ftyle is crowned by a bifid, re- 
flexed, narrow ftigma ; the flowers appear in June, 
and are of a fine blue colour ; thefe are each fucceeded 
by four oblong feeds, which ripen in the empalement. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in Siberia ; this was 
fent me by the late Dr. Amman, who was profeffor 
of botany at Peterfburgh ; it hath a perennial root. 
The ftalks are four-cornered, hairy, and rife a foot 
and a half high, fending out feveral fide branches, 
which are garnifhed with hairy linear leaves, cut into 
three parts*, the flowers grow in (hort whorled fpikes 
at the end of the (talk, having fome verv narrow 
leaves under each whorl ; the tube of the flower is 
longer, and more equal in fize than that of the for- 
mer, and the middle fegment of the lower lip is not 
fo much reflexed. In other refpebts, the flowers are 
the fame as thofe of the former. 
The third fort grows naturally in Tartary; this hath 
a perennial root, and annual ftalks which do not grow 
erebt like the firft, but fpread nearer to an horizon- 
tal pofition ; they divide into feveral branches, which 
have two large leaves oppofite at each joint, and four 
fmaller, two on each fide between the larger ; they 
are fmooth, have fharp indentures on their edges, 
and (land erebt. The flowers come out from the 
fide of the ftalks at the bafe of the leaves, two or 
three (landing together on each fide the ftaik ; their 
empalements are purple, and are cut into five acute 
fegments at the top, the upper lip having three broad, 
and the lower two narrower. The upper lip of the 
flower is broad, indented at the point, and ere£t 
the lower is trifid, but the middle fegment is not fo 
much refiexed as that of the firft fort, and the flowers 
are of a paler blue than thofe. It flowers in June, 
and the feeds ripen in autumn. 
SAC 
ABINA. See Juniperus. 
SACCHARUM. Lin. Gen. Plant. 68. 
Arundo. C. B. P. 18. The Sugar Cane. 
The Characters are, 
It hath no empalement , hut a ■woolly down longer than the 
flower inclofes it. The flower is bivalve ; the valves are 
oblong , acute-pointed , concave and chaffy. It has three 
hair-like ftamina the length of the valves , terminated by 
6 
R U Y 
This name was given to this genus of plants by the' 
learned Dr. Boerhaave, profeffor of botany at Ley- 
den, in honour of Dr. Ruyich, who was profeffor of 
anatomy and botany at Amfterdam. 
The plants are propagated by feed, which fhould be 
fown the latter end of March, in a bed of frefh. 
light earth in an open expolure, and in about five or 
fix weeks after the plants will appear, when they 
fhould be carefully cleared from weeds ; and if the 
feafon fhould prove dry, they mud be refrefhed now 
and then with water, which will greatly promote their 
growth. When the plants are about two inches high, 
they fhould be carefully tranfplanted into a bed or bor- 
der of frefh, light, undunged earth, obferving to (hade 
them from the fun until they have taken root, as alfo 
to refrefh them from the fun until they are well efta- 
blifhed in this bed ; after which time they will re- 
quire no farther care, but to keep them conftantly 
clear from weeds till Michaelmas, when they are to 
be removed into the places where they are defigned 
to remain for good. 
When the plants are firft tranfplanted from the feed- 
bed into the nurfery-bed, they fhould be planted 
about fix inches afunder every way, which will be 
fufficient room for them the firft feafon ; and this 
will admit of the hoe to come between the plants 
to deftroy the weeds, which is by much a better me- 
thod than pulling out the weeds by hand, and is 
much fooner performed. For as the hoe ftirs the 
ground between the plants, it not only cuts down 
the weeds which were up and vifible, but alfo de- 
ftroys all thofe whofe feeds were fprouted, and would 
have foon after appeared ; fo that one hoeing, if 
well performed, and in dry weather, will more ef- 
fectually deftroy the weeds, than two hand-weedings 
would do, were they performed ever fo carefully ; 
befides, the (lining the ground is of great fervice to 
the plants. 
At Michaelmas, when the plants are tranfplanted for 
good, they fhould be carefully taken up with balls 
of earth to their roots and they muft be planted in 
the middle of the borders in the pleafure-garden, in 
frefh light earth, intermixing them with other hardy- 
plants of the fame growth, where they will make a 
pretty appearance when they are in flower, and will 
continue three or four years ; and in fome poor ftony 
foils I have known the roots live fix or feven years, 
but thefe did not produce fo large fpikes of flowers, v 
as thofe which were younger and more vigorous plants. 
Therefore, as thefe plants do not continue many 
years, it will be proper to raife a fupply of young 
plants to fucceed them, for the old plants will pro- 
duce feeds plentifully, which are ripe the latter end 
of Auguft or the beginning of September, when they 
fhould be gathered in dry weather, and kept in a 
warm dry room till the time for fowing them. 
SAC 
* 
oblong fummits, and an awl-Jhaped germen fupporting two 
rough ftyles crowned by Jingle ftigmas. The germen af- 
terward becomes an oblong acute-pointed feed, invefted by 
the valves. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond febtion 
of Linnaeus’s third clafs, which includes the plants 
whofe flowers have three ftamina and two ftyles. 
We 
i 
