‘SAG 
air and ftm is admitted to pafs between the rows, the 
Ids expence it will be in the boiling and preparing of 
the Sugar. _ i 
In the bailing of Sugar, they ufe a mixture of wood 
afnes and lime, which is called temper, without which 
the Sugar will not granulate. The quantity of this 
mixture is proportioned to the quality of the ground 
on which the Canes grew. 
SAFFRON. See Crocus. 
SAGE. See Salvia. 
SAGITTARIA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 946. Sagitta. 
Diilen. Gen. 4. Ranunculus. Tourn. Inlt. R. H. 287. 
. Arrow-head. 
The Characters are, 
It hath male and female flowers on the fame 'plant the 
male flowers have a permanent empalement of three oval 
concave leaves they have three roundifh petals which 
fpread open , and are larger than the empalement , and 
many awl-jhaped flamina colie hied in a head , terminated 
by erect fummits. The female flowers are flituated below 
the male-, thefe have a three-leaved empalement , and three 
petals as the male, but no flamina they have many com- 
r/reffed germen collehled in a head , fitting upon very floor t 
flyles , and have permanent acute ftigmas. The ger men af- 
terward become oblong compreffed feeds having longitudinal 
borders , and are collebled in globular heads. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the eighth fedion 
of Linnsus’s twenty-firft clals, which includes thole 
plants which have male and female flowers on the 
fame plant, whofe male flowers have many flamina. 
The Species are, 
1. Sagittaria ( Sagittifolia ) foliis omnibus fagittatis 
acutis petiolis iongiffimis. Arrow-head with all the 
leaves arrow-pointed, and long foot-ftalks. Sagitta aqua- 
tica major. C. B. P. The greater Arroiv-head. 
2. Sagittaria {Minor) foliis fagittatis fpatuliique, pe- 
tiolis longioribus. Arrow-head with arrow-pointed and 
fpattle-fhaped leaves , having longer foot-ftalks. Sagitta 
aquatica foliis variis. Loefl. PruflT. 234. JVater Arrow- 
head with variable leaves. 
The firft fort grows naturally in Handing waters in 
moft parts of England ; the root is compofed of ma- 
ny ftrong fibres, which ftrike deep into the mud ; 
the foot-ftalks of the leaves are in length proporti- 
onable to the depth of the water in which they grow, 
fo they are fometimes almoft a yard long •, they are 
round, thick, and fungous ; the leaves which float 
upon the water are Ihaped like the point of an ar- 
row, the two ears at their bafe fpreading wide afun- 
der, and are very fharp-pointed. The flowers are 
produced upon long ftalks which rife above the leaves, 
and ftand in whorls round them at the joints ; they 
have each three broad white petals which fpread 
open, and in the middle is a clufter of flamina with 
purple fummits. It flowers in July. The flowers 
are fucceeded by rough heads, containing many fmall 
feeds. 
The fecond fort grows plentifully in Handing waters 
near Paris, bur has not been found wild in England. 
This never grows fo large as the former ; the leaves 
vary greatly, lome of them are oblong, round-point- 
ed, and ftiaped like afpatula ; others are arrow-point- 
ed, but thefe have their points lefs acute than thofe 
of the former, and the flowers are fmaller, in which 
it differs from the former ; and as all the plants where 
this grows retain their difference, fo it may be fup- 
pofed a different fpecies. 
There is alfo a third fort mentioned by Dr. Plukenet, 
under the title of Sagitta aquatica omnium minima, 
or the leaft Arrow-head. This grows plentifully on 
the borders of the Thames about Lambeth, and alfo 
at Chelfea j the foot-ftalks of the leaves of this are 
very fhort, the leaves are much lefs, and the ftalks 
which fupport the flowers are alfo very fhort •, but 
thefe differences may be occafioned by the fltuation 
of their growth, for it is always found growing in 
the mud, which the water ebbs from every tide, fo 
it is only covered in high water, which may flint 
the growth of the plants, and give them this ap- 
pearance. 
\ 
SALXCARiA. See Lythrum. 
SALICORNIA. Tourn. Cor. App. 51. tab. 4 $ 5 ° 
Lin. Gen. Plant. 10, Jointed Glaffwort, or Saltwort. 
The Characters are, 
The flower hath a rugged , /welling, four-cornered em- 
palement, which is permanent. It has no petal, and bui 
one flamina the length of the empalement , croivned by .an 
oblong twin fummit, and an oblong oval gsrmen fupport - 
ing a fingle ftyle, crowned by a bifid ftigma. The ger men 
afterward becomes a ftngle feed, inclofed in the f 'welling 
empalement. 
This genus of plants Dr. Linnsus places in the firft 
feftion of his firft clals, which contains thofe plants 
whofe flowers have but one flamina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Salicornia ( Fruticofa ) articulis apice craffioribus 
obtufis. Lin. Mat. Med. 8. Jointed Glaffwort with 
thiik obtufe points. Kali geniculatum. Ger. Emac. 
535. Common jointed Glaffwort. 
2. Salicornia (. Perenne ) articulis apice acutiorlbus,- 
caule fruticofo ramofo. Glaffwort with acute points to 
the joints , and a fhrubby branching ftalk. Kali geni- 
culatum perenne fruticoftus procumbens. Raii Syn. 
Ed. 2. p. 67. Trailing, fhrubby , perennial , jointed 
Glaffwort. 
The firft fort grows plentifully in moft of the falt-^ 
marfhes which are overflowed by the tides, in many 
parts of England. This is a trailing plant, with 
thick, fucculent, jointed ftalks, which trail upon the 
ground, and divide into feveral branches. The 
flowers are produced at the ends of the joints toward 
the extremity of the branches, which are fmall, and 
fcarce difcernible by the naked eye. It flowers the 
latter end of July, and the feeds ripen in autumn. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in Sheepey Ifland ; 
this hath a fhrubby branching ftalk about fix inches 
long ; the points of the articulations are acute, the 
ftalks branch from the bottom, and form a kind of 
pyramid ; they are perennial, and produce their flow- 
ers in the fame manner as the former. 
The inhabitants near the fea-coaft where thefe plants 
grow, cut them up toward the latter end of fummer, 
when they are fully grown ; and after having dried 
them in the fun, they burn them for their afhes, which 
are ufed in making of glafs and foap. Thefe herbs 
are, by the country people, called Kelp, and are pro- 
mifcuoufly gathered for ufe. 
From the afhes of thefe plants is ext rafted the fait, 
called fal kali, or alkali, which is much ufed by the 
chemifts. 
The manner of gathering and burning of thefe herbs 
is mentioned under the article of Salsola, fo I fhall 
not repeat it in this place. 
In fome parts of England thefe herbs are gathered and 
pickled for Samphire, though that is a very different 
plant from either of thefe. 
SAL IX. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 590. tab. 364. Lim 
Gen. Plant. 976. [takes its name from falio, to leap 
or dance, becaufe of its quick growth.] The Sallow, 
or Willow-tree ; in French, Saule. 
The Characters are. 
It hath male and female flowers upon flepar ate plants the 
made flowers are difpofed in one common , oblong , imbri- 
cated katkin. The flaks have each one oblong fpreading 
flower , which has no petal, but a cylindrical neliarious 
gland in the center. It has two fender ere It flamina , 
terminated by twin fummits having four cells. The fe- 
male flowers are difpofed in katkins as the male thefe 
have neither petals or flamina, but an oval narrowed 
germen, fcarce dijtinguifhable from the ftyle, crowned by 
two bifid ereEl ftigmas. The germen afterward becomes 
an oval awl-fhaped capfule with one cell, opening with 
two valves , containing many fmall oval feeds, crowned 
with hairy down. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond feflion 
of Linnreus’s twenty-fecond clals, which contains ' 
thofe plants which have male and female flowers on * 
feparate plants, whofe male flowers have two ftamina. 
There are feveral fpecies of this genus which grow 
naturally in the northern parts of Europe, of little or 
no 
