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are of a dark green on their upper fide, but are very 
woolly and white on their under, endingin acute points, 
and ftand upon very fhort foot-ftalks : the young 
branches of this fort are woolly, and their buds are 
very turgid. This is pretty much planted in the Qfier- 
grounds, for the ufe of bafket-makers. 
The ninth fort is a tree of middling growth ; it cafts 
its bark annually ; the moots are brittle, they have a 
yellowiih bark ; the leaves are fpear-fhaped, and 
jawed on their edges ; they are eared on both fides 
at their bafe, and are all placed alternate, being of a 
light green on both fides. This fort is not very com- 
monly cultivated, the twigs being too brittle. 
The tenth fort hath very pliant branches, fo is much 
planted in the Ofier-grounds. The leaves of this are 
very long ; they are fpear-fihaped and entire, and are 
green on both fides. It grows to a middling fize, if 
planted in moift land. 
The eleventh fort grows naturally in the Levant, but 
has been feveral years cultivated in the Englifh gar- 
dens. This will grow to a middling fize ; the branches 
are long, {lender, and hang down on every fide, fo 
form natural arches ; the leaves are narrow, fpear- 
fhaped, fmooth, and fawedon their edges. It is well 
known in the gardens, by the title of Weeping 
Willow. 
The twelfth fort is a tree of lower growth •, the 
branches of this are erect ; the leaves are fmooth, 
narrow, fpear-fhaped, and fawed on their edges ; they 
are of a dark or bluifti green, and toward the upper 
part of the branches are placed oppofite. It is found 
by the fide of ditches in many parts of England. 
The thirteenth fort grows naturally upon dry land, 
and on high fituations, but rarely is feen of a large 
fize •, the bark is of a gray dark colour, and fmooth ; 
the branches are brittle, fo are unfit for bafket-makers, 
but it is frequently cultivated in hedges, and for fuel 
in many parts of England : it is called Mountain 
Qfier. The leaves are oval, rough, and woolly, and 
are indented toward the top ; they are about an inch 
and a half long, and one inch broad, rounded at both 
ends, and have fhort foot-ftalks. There is a variety 
of this in the gardens with variegated leaves. 
The fourteenth fort is the common Sallow; this 
differs from the laft, in having longer leaves which 
end in acute points ; they are woolly on their under 
fide, and fit clofe to the branches ; they are not dif- 
tinguiflied by the farmers, who cultivate them 
equally. 
There are fome other forts of Willows which are 
planted in the Ofier-grounds, and are diftinguiflied 
by the bafket-makers and dealers in them, under ti- 
tles which they have applied to them, which are little 
known to others ; theie are annually cut down, and 
always kept low, but when they are not cut down, 
and have room to grow, will rife to a confiderable 
height, and fome of them will become large trees ; 
fo that they may be planted for the fame purpofes as 
the firft fort, and will make a variety when intermix- 
ed with it, though they are commonly cultivated for, 
their twigs, which produce good profit to the owner 
of the land. 
All the Torts of Willows may be eafily propagated by 
planting cuttings or lets, either in the fpring or au- 
tumn, (but the fpring is the lureft ieafon) which rea- 
dily take root, and are of a quick growth. Thofe 
forts which grow to be large trees, and are cultivated 
for their timber, are generally planted from fets, 
which are about feven or eight feet long thefe are 
fharpened at their larger end, and thruft into the 
ground by the fides of ditches and banks, where the 
ground is moift ; in which places they make a con- 
fiderable progrefs, and are a great improvement to 
fuch eftates, becaufe their tops will be fit to lop eve- 
ry fixth or feventh year. This is the ufual method 
now pradtifed in moft parts of England, where the 
trees are cultivated, as they are generally intended for 
prefent profit; but if they are defigned for large trees, 
or are cultivated for their wood, they {hould be 
planted in a different manner ; for thofe which are 
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planted from fets of feven or eight feet long always 
fend out a number of branches toward the top, which 
fpread, and form large heads fit for lopping, but 
their principal item never advances in height ; there- 
fore, where regard is paid to that, they fhould be 
propagated by fhort young branches, which fhould 
be put altnoft their whole length in the ground, leav- 
ing only tw r o, or at moft but three buds out of the 
ground ; and when thefe have made one year’s {hoot, 
they fhould be all cut off, except one of the ftrongeft 
and beft fituated, which muft be trained up to a ftem, 
and treated in the fame way as timber trees. If thefe 
are planted with fuch defign, the rows fhould be eight 
feet afunder, and the fets four feet diftance in the 
rows ; by planting them fo clofe, they wall naturally 
draw each other upward, and, when they are grown 
fo large, as to cover the ground and meet, they 
fhould be gradually thinned, fo as at the laft to leave 
the rows about twelve feet afunder, and the plants in 
the rows eight. If they are fo treated, the trees will 
grow to a large fize, and rife with upright ftems to 
the height of forty feet or more. 
When thefe cuttings are planted, it is ufual to fharp- 
en thofe ends to a point which are put into the 
ground, for the better thrufting of them in ; but the 
beft way is to cut them horizontally juft below the 
bud or eye, and to make holes with an iron inftrument 
in the ground where each cutting is to be planted, 'and 
when they are put in, the ground fhould be preffed 
clofe about the cuttings with the heel to fettle it, and 
prevent the air from penetrating deep into the ground. 
The after care muft be to keep them clear from 
weeds the two firft feafons, by which time they will 
have acquired fo much ftrength, as to over-power 
and keep down the weeds ; they will alfo require fome 
trimming in winter to take off any lateral {hoots, 
which, if fuffered to grow, would retard their up- 
right progrefs. 
There are great trads of land in England fit for this 
purpofe, wliich at prefent produce little to the owners, 
and might, by planting of thefe trees, turn to as good 
account as the beft Corn land. The larger wood, if 
found, is commonly fold for making wooden heels 
for {hoes ; as alfo to turners for many kinds of light 
ware. 
The Sallows are commonly planted in cuttings made 
from ftrong {hoots of the former year, about three 
feet long; thefe are commonly thruft down two feet 
deep into the ground, and are one foot above it. The 
cuttings {hould be placed about five feet row from 
row, and two feet afunder in the rows, obferving al- 
ways to plant the rows the Hoping way of the ground 
(efpecially if the tides overflow the place ;) becaufe, 
if the rows are placed the contrary ways, all the filth 
and weeds will be detained by the fets, which will 
choak them up. 
The beft feafon for planting thefe cuttings in the 
Ofier-grounds is in February, for if they are plant- 
ed fooner, they are apt to peel, if it proves hard 
froft, which greatly injures them. Thefe plants are 
always cut every year, and, if the foil be good, they 
will produce a great crop, fo that the yearly produce 
of one acre, has been often fold for fifteen pounds, 
but ten pounds is a common price, which is much 
better than Corn land ; fo that it is great pity thefe 
plants are not more cultivated, efpecially upon moift: 
boggy foils, upon which few other things will thrive. 
S ALSO LA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 275. Kali. Tourn. 
Inft. R. H. 247. tab. 128. Glaffwort ; in French, Soude. 
The Characters are, 
The empalement of the flower is permanent , and compofed 
of five oval obtufe leaves ; the flower has no petals , but 
hath five fhort ftamina which are inferted in the divifions 
of the petals-, it hath a globular germen, with a fhort two- 
pointed ftyle , crowned by recurved fiigmas. The germen 
afterward becomes a globular cap fule with one cell , wrap- 
ped up in the empalement , inclofing one large feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the iecond fedtion 
of Linnaeus’s fifth dais, which includes thofe plants 
whofe flowers have five ftamina and two ftyles. 
1 1 T The 
