nifhed with leaves which have feldom more than fe- 
ven lobes to each, and toward the top of the {talks 
but five •, thefe are longer and narrower than thofe of 
the former, and are deeply cut on their edges, ending 
with winged acute points. The flowers are produced 
in umbels at the top of the ftalks, which are fhaped 
like thofe of the former, and are iucceeded by the 
like berries. 
The fixth fort grows naturally in North America, 
where it rifes to the height of twenty feet, but in Eng- 
land it is feldom feen much more than half that 
height and while the plants are young and full of 
fap, the froft frequently kill their young fhoots al- 
moft to the ground •, and in wet autumns, when the 
{hoots are replete with moifture, the early frofts fre- 
quently injure them. 
The leaves of this fort have generally feven or nine 
lobes, which are longer and narrower than thofe of 
the common Elder, and the berries are fmaller than 
thofe of that fort, but of the fame black colour, 
though not fo full of juice, nor have the leaves lb 
ftrong a fcent. 
The three firft forts may be eafily propagated from 
cuttings, or by fowing their feeds •, but the former 
being the molt expeditious method, is generally prac- 
tifed. The feafon for planting of their cuttings is 
any time from September to March, in the doing of 
which, there needs no more care than to thruft the 
cuttings about fix or eight inches into the ground, and 
they will take root faft enough, and may afterwards 
be tranfplanted where they are to remain, which may 
be upon almoft any foil or fituation ; they are extreme 
hardy, and if their feeds are permitted to fall upon the 
ground, they will produce plenty of plants the fuc- 
ceeding fummer. 
Thefe trees are often planted for making fences, be- 
caufe of their quick growth •, but as their bottoms be- 
come naked in a few years, they are not fo proper for 
that purpofe ; neither would I recommend them to 
be planted near habitations, becaufe at the feafon when 
they are in flower, they emit fuch a ftrong fcent, as 
will occafton violent pains in the heads of thofe who 
abide long near them ; befides, the crude parts which 
are continually perfpired through their leaves, are ac- 
counted unwholefome, though the leaves, bark, and 
other parts, are greatly efteemed for many ufes in 
medicine. 
The fourth fort propagates itfelf faft enough where- 
ever it is once planted, by its creeping roots, fo that 
it is very difficult to keep it within bounds, therefore 
is not a proper plant for gardens ; but thofe who are 
inclined to keep it for medicinal ufe, need only plant 
one or two of the roots in any abjedt part of a gar- 
den or field, and the place will foon be fpread over 
,with it. 
The fifth fort is preferved in botanic gardens for the 
fake of variety, but is feldom admitted into other gar- 
dens. This propagates by the root, though not fo 
faft as the other. 
The fixth fort will put out roots from cuttings, al- 
moft as well as the common Elder ; but as it is liable 
to injury from fevere frofts, fo it ftiould be planted in 
a fheltered fituation. 
The common Elder will grow upon any foil or in 
any fituation •, the trees are frequently feen growing 
on the top, and out of the fide of old walls ; and 
they are often feen growing clofe to ditches, and in 
very moift places fo that wherever the feeds are fcat- 
tered, the plants will come up, as they often do 
from the hollow of another tree. The leaves and 
ftalks of this plant are fo bitter and naufeous, that few 
animals will browfe upon it. I have often feen the 
trees growing in parks, where there has been variety 
of animals, and have obferved they were untouched, 
when almoft all the other trees within reach have been 
cropped by the cattle. 
The. young fhoots of this tree are ftrong and very full 
of pith, but as the trees grow old, their wood be- 
comes very hard, and will polilh almoft as well as that 
of the Box-tree, fo is often ufed for the fame purpofes, 
where Box- wood is fca'rce. 
The bark, leaves, flowers, and berries of this tree, 
are ufed in medicine. The inner bark is efteerned 
good for dropfies, the leaves are outwardly ufed for 
the piles and inflammations. The flowers are in- 
wardly ufed to expel wind, and the berries are efteem- 
ed cordial and ufeful in hyfteric diforders, and are 
frequently put into gargariims for fore mouths and 
throats. 
SAMOLUS. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 143. tab. 60. 
Lin. Gen. Plant. 205. Round-leaved Water Pim- 
pernel. 
The Characters are, 
The empalement of the flower is permanent , erepi, and 
cut into five Segments. It has one petal , with a floort 
fpreading tube the brim is plain , obtufie , and cut into 
five parts. It has five fhort ftamina placed between each 
fegment of the petal , terminated by Jummits which join 
together. The germen is fituated under the flower , fup- 
portblg a /lender flyle , crowned by a headed jligma. The 
germen afterward becomes an oval capfiule with one cell , 
cut half through into five valves , filled with fmall oval 
feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fe&ion of 
Lin naeus’s fifth clafs, which contains thofe plants 
whofe flowers have five ftamina and one ftyle. 
We have but one Species of this plant, viz. 
Samolus (Vakrandi) valerandi. J. B. Round-leaved 
Water Pimpernel. 
This plant grows wild in fwampy places, where the 
water ufually ftands in winter, and is feldom preferv- 
ed in gardens. It is an annual plant which flowers in 
June, and the feeds are ripe in Auguft ; at which 
time, whoever hath a mind to cultivate this plant, 
ftiould fow the feeds on a moift foil, where the plants 
will come up, and require no farther care but to 
keep them clean from weeds. 
SAM YD A. Lin. Gen. Plant. 525. Guidonia. Plum. 
Nov. Gen. 4. tab. 24. 
The Characters are, 
The flower has a rough bell-Jhaped empalement of one leaf, 
which is cut at the brim into five points , which fpread 
open. It has no petal , but has fifteen fhort awl-Jhaped 
ftamina inferted in the empalement , terminated by oval 
fummits , and a hairy globular germen , fupporting a cylin- 
drical ftyle , crowned by a headed Jligma. The germen af- 
terward becomes an oval berry with four furrows , having 
four cells , including many kidney-fhaped feeds immerjed in 
the oval receptacle. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedtion of 
Linnsus’s tenth clafs, which includes thofe plants 
whofe flowers have ten ftamina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Samyda ( Serrulata ) floribus dodecandris folds ova- 
to-oblongis ferrulatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 558. Samyda 
with oblong , oval, fawed leaves , and flowers with twelve 
ftamina. Guidonia ulmi foliis, flare roieo. Plum. 
Nov. Gen. 4. Guidonia with Elm leaves , and a Rofe - 
coloured flower. 
2. Samyda {Parviflora) floribus decandris foliis, ovato 
oblongis, utrinque glabris. Lin. Sp. Plant. 557. Sa- 
myda with flowers having ten ftamina , and oblong , oval, 
fimooth leaves. Guidonia nucis juglandis folio. Plum. 
Nov. Gen. 4. Guidonia with a Walnut-tree leaf. 
Thefe plants grow naturally in the Weft-Indies •, the 
firft fort rifes with a fhrubby ftalk fix or eight feet 
high, fending out feveral weak branches, which are 
garnifhed with oval leaves drawing to a point ; they 
are an inch and a half long, and one inch broad, 
fawed on their edges, and of a light green colour. 
The flowers come out from the wings of the leaves 
upon fhort foot-italks j they have a five-leaved em- 
palement, which is of a bright red within ; the ftami- 
na which are about ten in number, are inferted in the 
empalement, and ftand eredb ; and in the center is fi- 
tuated an oval germen, which turns to a berry with 
four cells, containing fmall feeds. 
The 
