SAN 
The other fort has leaves fhaped like thofe of the for- 
mer, but are longer and fmooth •, the infide of the 
empalement is or a purple coloui, in which, it dnieiS 
from the firft. . 
Thefe plants are propagated by feeds, which muft be 
procured from the countries where they naturally 
grow ; thefe muft be fown upon a hot-bed in the 
Spring, and when the plants come up, they muft be 
planted in fmall pots filled with good kitchen-garden 
eartli, and plunged into a hot-bed of tanners bark, 
and treated in the fame way as other tender plants 
from the fame countries. Thefe fhould be kept in the 
bark-bed in theftove till they have acquired ftrength, 
then they may be expofed in fummer, but in winter 
they require a good green-houfe. 
SAND, 'as Dr. Boerhaave defines it, is earth properly 
fo called, which is a foflil body, neither diffolubie by 
fire, water, nor air; infipid and untranfparent, more 
fufible than (tone, ftill friable, and containing ufually 
a (hare of fatnefs. 
Dr. Lifter divides the Englilh Sands into two claffes ; 
the firft, fharp or rag Sand, confifting of fmall tranf- 
parent pebbles, naturally found on the mountains, 
and not calcinable ; thefe he farther divides into fine 
and coarfe, and fubdividcs each, according to the co- 
lours, into white, gray, reddiffi, brown, &c. 
Thefecond, loft or fmooth, which he fubdivides into 
that with fiat particles broken from lime ftones, that 
with fiiver-like particles, and that with gold-like par- 
ticles. 
As to Sand, its ufe is to make the clayey earth fertile, 
and fit to feed vegetables, &c. for earth alone, we 
find, is liable to coalelce, and gather into a hard co- 
herent mafs, as is apparent in clay ; and earth thus 
embodied, and as it were, glued together, is no ways 
dii'pofed to nourifh vegetables ; but if with luch earth, 
Sand, &c. i. e. hardcrvftals, which are not diffolva- 
ble in water, and ftill retain their figure, be intermix- 
ed, they will keep the pores of the earth open, and 
the earth itfelf loofe and lncompadt, and by that means 
give room for the juices to afcend, and for plants to 
be nourifhed thereby. 
Thus a vegetable, planted either in Sand alone, or in 
a fat glebe, or earth alone, receives no growth or in- 
crement at all, but is either ftarved or fuffocated ; 
but mix the two, and the mafs becomes fertile. In 
effeft, by means of Sand, the earth is rendered, in 
forne manner, organical ; pores and interftices being 
hereby maintained, fomething analogous to veffels, 
by which the juices may be conveyed, prepared, di- 
gefted, circulated, and at length excerned, and thrown 
oft' into the roots of plants. 
Grounds that are landy and gravelly, eafily admit 
both of heat and moifture ; but then they are liable 
to thefe inconveniencies, that they let them pafs too 
foon, and lb contract no ligature, or elfe retain it 
too long, efpecially where there is a clay bottom ; 
and by that means it either parches or chills too 
much, and produces nothing but Mol's and canker- 
ous infirmities ; but if the Sand happens to have a 
furface of good mould, and a bottom of gravel or 
loofe ftone, though it do not hold the water, it may 
produce a forward fweet Grafs ; and though it may 
be fubieft to burn, yet it quickly recovers with the 
leaft rain. r 
Sea Sand is accounted a very good compoft for ftiff 
ground, for it eftedts the two following things, viz. 
it makes way for the tree or feed to root in ftiff ground, 
and makes a fume to feed it. 
Sand indeed is apt to pufh the plants that grow upon 
it, early in the fpring, and make them germinate near 
a month fooner than thofe that grow upon clay, be- 
caufe the falls in the Sand are at full liberty to be 
raifed and put into motion, upon the leaft approach 
of the warmth of the fun ; but then as they are hafty, 
they are foon exhaled and loft. 
SAN GUIN ARIA. Dill. Hort. Elth. 252. Lin. 
Gen. Plant. 570. Puccoon. 
The Characters are, 
The empalement of the flower is compofed of two oval 
SAN 
concave' leaves, which fall away. It has eight oblongs 
obtufe, fpr ending petals, which are alternately narrow.. It 
has many fingle ftamina which are porter than the pe- 
tals, terminated by fingle fummits, and an oblong comprefj- 
ed germen having no fiyle , crowned by a permanent thick 
fiigma with two channels. The germen becomes an oblong 
bellied capfide with two valves, pointed at both ends, in - 
clofimg round acute-pointed feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fiction of 
Linnaeus’s thirteenth clafs, which includes thofe 
plants whofe flowers have many ftamina and one ftyle. 
We have but one Species of this genus, viz. 
Sanguinaria ( Qanadenfls .) Hort. Clift. 202. Puccoon. 
Chelidonium majus, Canadenfe acaulon. Corn. Canad, 
212,. Greater Celandine of Canada having no ftalks. 
There are forne few other varieties of this plant men- 
tioned in the Eltham Garden, but they are not dif- 
tindl fpecies, for they vary annually, therefore it is 
to no purpofe to mention their variations. 
This plant was formerly ranged in the genus of Ce- 
landine, by the title of Chelidonium maximum Ca- 
naderne acaulon ; and this name of Sanguinaria was 
applied to it by Dr. Billenius, who was profeffor of 
botany at Oxford. We have no proper Englilh 
name for this, but as the inhabitants of America call 
it by the Indian name Puccoon, I have continued it 
here. 
It is a native of moft of the northern parts of Ame- 
rica, where it grows plentifully in the woods ; and in 
the fpring, before the leaves of the trees come out, 
the furface of the ground is, in many places, cover- 
ed with the flowers, which have fome refemblance 
to our Wood Anemone, but they have fhort naked 
pedicles, each fupporting one flower at the top. 
Some of thefe flowers will have ten or twelve petals, 
fo that they appear to have a double range of leaves, 
which has occafioned their being termed double flow- 
ers ; but this is only accidental, the fame roots in 
dflferent years producing different flowers. The 
roots of this plant are tuberous, and the whole plant 
has a yellow juice, which the Indians ufe to paint 
themfelves. 
This plant is hardy enough to live in the open air 
in England, but it fhould be planted in a loofe foil, 
and a fheltered iituation, but not too much expofed 
to the fun. It is propagated by the roots, which 
may be taken up and parted every other year ; the 
beft time for doing of this is in September, that the 
roots may have time to fend out fibres before the 
hard froft lets in. The flowers of this plant appear 
in April, and when they decay, the green leaves 
come out, which will continue till Midfu aimer ; then 
they decay, and the roots remain unaftive till the 
following autumn ; fo that unlefs the roots are mark- 
ed, it will be pretty difficult to find them after their 
leaves decay, for they are of a dirty brown colour 
on the outfide, fo are not eafily difdnguiffied from 
the earth. 
This plant is very proper to mix with the Dog’s- 
tooth Violet, Spring Cyclamen, Perfian Iris, Bulbo- 
codium, Sifyrinchium, and fome other low growing 
bulbous and tuberous-rooted flowers, which require 
the fame culture, where thefe will add to the variety 
when they are in beauty ; for when the roots are 
ftrong and grow in a good foil, they will produce a 
great number of flowers upon each root; the roots 
may be planted about four or five inches afunder eve- 
ry way. 
SANGUIS DRACONIS. See Palma. 
SANGUIS ORB A. Lin. Gen. Plant. 136. Pim- 
pinella. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 156. tab. 69. Burnet, 
called by the French Pimpernel. 
The Characters are. 
The empalement of the flower is compofed of two port 
leaves placed oppofite, which fall away. The flower hath 
one plain petal , cut into four obtufe fegments, which join 
at their bafe. It has four ftamina the length of the pe - 
tal, terminated by fmall roundup fummits , and a four-cor- 
nered germen fituated between the empalement and petal , 
fupporting a fhort /lender ftyle , crowned by an obtufe ftig- 
ma. 
