SAX 
ddce very large pyramids of flowers, which make a 
fine appearance, fo are very ornamental for halls, or 
to place in chimneys, where, being kept in the fhade, 
and fcreened from winds and rains, they will conti- 
nue in beauty much longer than if kept in the open 
air. 
This plant is eaflly propagated by offsets, which are 
put out from the fide of the old plants in plenty. Thefe 
are ufually planted in pots filled with frefh light earth, 
and in the fummerfeafon placed in the fhade, but in 
the winter it fhould be expofed to the fun, and all the 
offsets fhould be taken off, leaving the plants Angle, 
which will caufe them to produce a much ftronger 
idem for flowering-, for where there are offsets about 
the old plant, they exhauft the nourifhment from it, 
whereby it is rendered much weaker. Thefe offsets 
muff be each planted in a feparate halfpenny pot, 
filled with frefh earth, in order to fucceed the older 
plants, which generally perifli after flowering ; the 
offsets v/ill produce flowers the fecond year, fo that 
there fhould be annually fome of them planted to fuc- 
ceed the others. 
The fifth fort grows naturally on the Helvetian 
mountains ; this hath a perennial root. The ftalk is 
ered, about a foot high, channelled and hairy it is 
garnifhed with kidney-fhaped leaves which are fharply 
indented, and puts out a few flender foot-ftalks from 
the fide toward the upper part ; thefe, and alfo the 
principal fdalks, are terminated by fmall clufters of 
white flowers marked with feveral red fpots. This 
fort flowers in May ; it is propagated by parting the 
roots the bed time for this is in autumn, that the 
plants may have good roots before the dry weather in 
the fpring. It loves a fhady fituation and a loamy 
foil. 
The fixth fort grows naturally on the Alps and Pyre- 
nean mountains. The root is fibrous and perennial ; 
the leaves are thick, kidney-fhaped, and crenated on 
their edges •, they are of a deep green on their upper 
fide, but pale on their under, Handing upon long, 
thick, hairy foot-ftalks ; thefe branch out into a pa- 
nicle, which fuftains feveral fmall white flowers mark- 
ed with red fpots ; the ftamina of this fort are longer 
than the petals. It flowers in June, and propagates 
very faft by offsets, which fhould be taken off in au- 
tumn, and planted in a fhady fituation, where they 
will thrive faft enough. 
The feventh fort is known by the titles of London 
Pride, or None-fo-pretty it grows naturally on the 
Alps, and alfo in great plenty upon a mountain called 
Mangerton, in the county of Kerry in Ireland. The 
roots of this are perennial ; the leaves are oblong, 
oval, and placed circularly at bottom ; they have 
broad, flat, furrowed foot-ftalks near two inches 
long, deeply crenated on their edges, which are white ; 
the ftalk rifes about a foot high, is of a purple co- 
lour, ftiff, flender, and hairy ; it fends out from the 
fide on the upper part feveral fhort foot-ftalks, which 
are terminated by white flowers fpotted with red ; the 
ftamina are longer than the petals of the flower, as are 
alfo the two ftyles ; thefe have red ftigmas. It flowers 
in June, and may be propagated in the fame way as 
the former ; it loves a fhady fituation. 
The eighth fort grows naturally in North America i 
this is a perennial plant with a fibrous root, from 
which arife feveral leaves which are fpear-fhaped ; 
they are feven or eight inches long, and two broad to- 
ward the top, having feveral fmall indentures on 
their edges ; they are of a deep green, and thick con- 
fluence, fpread ing' near the ground. The ftalk rifes 
a foot and a half high, is naked, and branches at the 
top in form of a panicle, fuftaining very fmall herba- 
ceous flowers, which are colleded into fmall heads. 
This fort flowers in June. 
It is propagated by parting the root ; the beft time is 
in autumn ; it loves a moift foil and a fhady fitua- 
tion, and is never injured by cold. 
The ninth fort grows naturally upon fome mountains 
in Wales-, this hath a fibrous perennial root, from 
which come out oblong, roundifh, indented leaves ; 
S C A 
they are near two inches long, and an inch and a half 
broad, deeply indented* or rather fawed on their 
edges, fitting very clofe to the root. The ftalk rifes 
about five inches high * it is naked* and terminated 
by a clofe compad duller of white flowers'; thefe' 
appear in July, and if they are in a fhady fituation, 
will continue almoft a month. This plant muff: have ^ 
a fhady fituation and a loamy foil, otherwife it will 
not thrive. 
The tenth fort grows naturally upon the Auflrian 
mountains ; it has alfo been found growing in plenty 
ori Knotsford Moor in Ghefhire ; this is a perennial 
plant. The leaves are gathered in clufters at the bot- 
tom ; they are fpear-fhaped, about two inches long, 
and half an inch broad in the middle, drawing to a 
point at both ends ; the ftalk rifes about fix inches 
high, and is garnifhed with narrow leaves the whole 
length, which are placed alternately, and fit clofe to 
the ftalks ; the flowers are produced in fmall clufters 
at the top of the ftalk ; they have five yellowifh 
petals which fpread open, having feveral red fpots on 
their infide. This plant flowers in Auguft. It is dif- 
ficult to propagate in gardens, for it naturally grows 
upon bogs ; fo that unlefs it is planted in fuch loofe 
rotten earth, and kept conftantly moift, it will not 
thrive. 
The eleventh fort grows naturally upon the Pyrenean 
and Helvetian mountains, as alfo upon Ingleborough- 
hill in Yorkfhire, Snowden in Wales, and other high 
places in the north of England : this is a perennial 
plant, whofe ftalks trail upon the ground, and are 
feldom more than two inches long ; thefe are gar- 
nifhed with fmall oval leaves Handing oppofite, which 
lie over each other like the fcales of fifh ; thev are of 
a brown green colour, and have a refemblance of 
Heath. The flowers are produced at the end of the 
branches ; they are pretty large, and of a deep blue, 
fo make a pretty appearance during their continu- 
ance, which is great part of March, and the begin- 
ning of April. 
This is propagated by parting of the roots ; the beft 
time for doing it is in autumn: it muff: have a fhady 
fituation and a moift foil, otherwife it will not thrive 
in gardens. 
The twelfth fort grows naturally upon the Alps, Py- 
renees, and Helvetian mountains ; it is alfo found 
growing plentifully onlngleborough-hill in Yorkfhire, 
Snowden in Wales, and fome other places in the north ; 
this is a perennial plant, whole branches fpread flat 
upon the ground, and put out roots at their joints ; 
thefe are garnifhed with fine foft leaves like Mofs, 
fome of which are entire, and others cut into three 
points. The branches join fo clofe together, as to 
form a foft roundifh bunch like a pillow or cufhion, 
from whence fome have given it the appellation of 
Ladies Cufhion ; the ftalks rife three or four inches 
high ; they are flender, ered, and have two or three 
fmall leaves, fome are entire, and others trifid ; they 
are of a bright green colour, and foft to the touch ; the 
flowers grow in fmall bunches at the top of the ftalk ; 
they are fmall, and of a dirty colour, fo make no 
great appearance ; thefe come out in June. 
This fort propagates faft enough by its trailing 
branches, provided it is planted in a moift foil and a 
fhady fituation, but it will not thrive in dry ground, 
or where it is much expofed to the fun. The beft time 
to remove any of thefe plants is in autumn, that 
they may have the benefit of the winter’s rain to efta- 
blifh them well before the dry weather of the fpring 
comes on ; for when they are planted late, they are 
very fubjed to die, unlefs they are fupplied with wa- 
ter, and thofe which live feldom make any figure the 
firft year. 
SCAB I OS A. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 463. tab. 263, 
264. Lin. Gen. Plant. 108. [fo called from fcabies, 
Lat. a fcab, becaufe this plant is faid to heal the fcab,] 
Scabious. 
The Characters are, 
The common empalement is compofed of many leaves , is 
fpreading , containing many flowers : it has feveral feries 
1 2 A of 
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