S C A 
cut than thofe which compofe the clifk or middle, 
their outer fegments being much longer than the two 
fide ones, and thole are longer than the inner feg- 
ment ; they have four weak framina, which boon 
{brink after the flowers open. In the center is fituated 
a ftyle which is longer than the floret, terminated 
by a roundifh ftigma. The flowers are of a pale 
purple colour, and have a ftrong faint odour •, they 
appear in June, and the italics decay to the root every 
autumn. This fort is intended by the College of 
Phyficians for medicinal ufe, under the title of Sca- 
biofa. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in moiit woods and 
paitures in molt parts of England, and is dire&ed by 
the College of Phyficians to be ufed, under the title 
of Morfus Diaboli, or Devil’s-bit ; this hath a fliort 
tap-root, which appears as if the end of it were bitten 
or cut off, from whence it had the title of Succifa, 
and Morfus Diaboli. The leaves are oval, fpear- 
fhaped, and fmooth ; they are four inches long, and 
tv/o broad in the middle, drawing to a point at each 
end ; the ftalks are Angle, about two feet high, gar- 
niflied with two leaves at each joint, fhaped like thofe 
below, but are fmaller •, they generally fend out two 
fhort foot- ftalks from their upper joint Handing op- 
pofite, which are each terminated by one fmall blue 
flower, as is alfo the principal {talk with one larger. 
Thefe are conftrudted in the fame way as the former, 
and appear in Auguft. As thefe plants are to be 
found plentifully in the fields and woods, fo they are 
feldom admitted into gardens. 
The third fort grows naturally in Tranfylvania •, this 
is an annual plant, which is preferved in botanic gar- 
dens for variety •, but as the flowers have little beauty, 
fo it is rarely allowed a place in other gardens. The 
ftalks rife four or five feet high, dividing into feveral 
branches ; the leaves are hairy, and cut almoft to the 
midrib. The flowers are fmall, of a pale purplifh 
colour, and appear in July ; the feeds ripen in au- 
tumn, when, if they are permitted to fcatter, the 
plants will come up without care ; if thefe are thinned 
and kept clean from weeds, it is all the culture they 
require. 
The fourth fort grows naturally in Spain and Portu- 
gal ; it is an annual plant ; the ftalk is ftiff, and rifes 
upward of three feet high, dividing toward the top in- 
to feveral branches, which are again divided into na- 
ked foot-ftalks, each fuftaining one fmall, pale, pur- 
plifh flower, compofed of many florets ; the leaves 
are ft iff, and cut into many winged points. It flowers 
and feeds about the fame time as the former. 
The fifth fort grows naturally upon the Alps and Ap- 
penines •, this hath a perennial root, from which come 
out many entire, fmooth, fpear-fhaped leaves •, the 
ftalk is Angle, fending out two fhort naked foot- 
ftalks from the upper joint ; the leaves upon the 
ftalks are cut pretty deeply on their edges. The 
flowers are nearly of the fame fize and form with 
thofe of the firft fort ; it may be propagated by feeds, 
and will thrive in a fhady moift border, requiring no 
other care but to keep the ground clean, and allow 
them room to fpreadr 
The fixth fort is a biennial plant, which grows natu- 
rally in fome parts of Italy, and alfo in Tartary. It 
rifes with a ftrong branching ftalk four or five feet 
high, clofely armed with ftiff prickly hairs ; the lower 
leaves are fpear-fhaped, about feven inches long, and 
near four broad in the middle, cut deeply on the Aides 
in wingea points ; thofe upon the ftalks are more en- 
tire, home of them are fharply fawed on their edges, 
and thofe at the top are linear and entire. The flowers 
grow from the fides and at the top of the ftalks ; 
they are white, ahd each flower fits in a briftly em- 
palement. This flowers in July, and the feeds ripen 
in autumn , it riles irons fcattered leeds, and requires 
no care. 
The feventh fort grows naturally in Iftria •, this hath 
a perennial root ; the lower leaves are almoft entire, 
and are fawed on their edges •, the ftalk is ftiff, and 
rifes two feet high, dividing into two upward, which 
S C A 
fpread afunder, and in the divifion arifes a naked 
foot-ftalk, which (as alfo the fide branches, are termi- 
nated by fingle flowers, compofed of many white flo- 
rets, which are inclofed in a icaly empalement, whofe 
fcales are obtufe ; the leaves on the ftalks are wing- 
pointed and ftiff. This flowers in July, but feldom 
produces good feeds here ; it is propagated by part- 
ing of the roots in autumn, and delights in a light 
loamy foil. 
The eighth fort grows naturally dpon the mountains 
in Italy ; this hath a perennial root, from which arife 
three or four ftalks, whofe lower parts are garnifhed 
with linear leaves about four inches long, and the 
eighth of an inch broad, of a filvery colour, ending 
in acute points : the upper part of the ftalk is naked 
for fix of feven inches in length, fuftaining at the top 
one pale blue flower, made up of feveral four-pointed 
florets. This plant flowers in July, but does not 
produce feeds in England ; it is propagated by flips, 
which fhould be planted on a fhady border the begin- 
ning of April ; when thefe have put out good roots, 
they may be taken up with balls of earth, and tranf- 
planted where they are to remain. This plant loves a 
loft loamy foil, and a fhady fituation. 
The ninth fort grows naturally on the Alps •, this has 
a perennial root, from which arife feveral pretty ftrong 
hairy ftalks near three feet high, which are garnifhed 
with fpear-fhaped leaves about four inches long and 
two broad; thefe are placed oppofite, and embrace the 
ftalks half round with their bafe ; they are of a dark 
green on their upper fide, but pale on their under and 
hairy, having a few indentures on their edges, and 
ending in acute points. The flowers are produced at 
the top of the ftalks, in the fame manner as thofe of 
the firft fort, and are like them ; thefe appear in June, 
and the feeds ripen in autumn. This is hardy, and 
loves a light loamy foil and a fhady fituation ; it is pro- 
pagated by feeds. 
The tenth fort grows naturally on the Alps ; this hath 
a perennial root, compofed of many ftrong fibres 
which root deep in the ground, from which arife fe- 
veral ftrong channelled ftalks upward of four feet 
high, garnifhed with winged leaves compofed of four 
or five pair of lobes, which are unequal in fize and 
irregularly placed ; they are fawed on their edges* 
and end in acute points. The flowers are produced 
on naked foot-ftalks at the end of the branches, the: 
receptacles are globular ; the flowers are of a whitifh 
yellow, and appear the latter end of June. The 
feeds ripen in autumn. This may be propagated, 
either by feeds, or parting of the roots ; it loves a 
loamy foil. 
The eleventh fort grows naturally in Sicily ; this rifes 
with a fhrubby ftalk three feet high, and divides into 
feveral ligneous knotty branches, which are garnifh- 
ed with narrow filvery leaves, four inches long and a 
quarter of an inch broad, which are entire. The 
flowers ftand upon very long naked foot-ftalks at the 
end of the branches ; they are made up of many five- 
pointed tubulous florets, of a fine blue colour. Thefe 
appear in July, but are not fucceeded by feeds here. 
It is propagated by flips or cuttings, which readily 
take root if they are planted in any of the fummer 
months, if they are fhaded from the fun, and duly 
refrefhed with water. When thefe have made good 
root, fome of them may be planted on a dry border 
near to a fouth wall, where they will live in common 
winters ; but as they are frequently deftroyed by fevere 
froft, io fome of the plants fhould be planted in pots, 
and in winter placed under a common frame, where 
they may be prote&ed from froft, but in mild wea- 
ther enjoy the free air. 
The twelfth fort grows naturally in Crete; this hath 
a fhrubby ftalk, which rifes about the fame height as 
the former, and divides into many branches ; the 
leaves are flborter, much broader, and not fo white as 
thole of the former fort ; the flowers are not fo large, 
and are of a pale purple colour. This fort flowers 
from the end of June till autumn, but it feldom ripens 
feeds in England. It is propagated by flips or cuttings 
in 
V 
