SCO 
whofe flowers are compofed of hermaphrodite fruitful 
iiorets, and the frstnma and ftyle are connected. 
The Species are, 
1. Scolymus ( Maculaius ) foliis margine attenuatis. Lin. 
Sp. Plant. 813. Golden Thiftle with leaves which are 
thinner on the borders. Scolymus chryfanthemus an- 
nuus. Aft. Reg. Par. in. Annual Golden Thiftle. 
2. Scolymus {Hfpanicus) foliis margine incraftatis. Lin. 
Sp. Plant. 813. Golden Thiftle with leaves which are 
thicker cn the borders. Scolymus chryfanthemus. C. 
B. P. 384. Golden Thiftle. 
The firft fort grows naturally in the fouth of France 
and in Italy ; this is an annual plant, which rifes with 
a branching ftalk four or five feet high, that have two 
leafy wings running along the fides from joint to 
joint •, thefe are fcofiopped and indented ; the borders 
of thefe are thinner than the other parts, and are arm- 
ed all the way with very fharp fpines ^ at each joint 
are placed fliff leaves, which are jagged and armed 
with ftrong fpines •, they are of a pale green, and fit 
clofe to the ftalks. The flowers are produced at the 
top of the ftalks inclofed in leafy involucrums, which 
are longer than the flowers, and are armed with very 
ftrong fpines ; within thefe are fcaly empalements, 
which lie over each other like the fcales of fifh, and 
are armed with fliort fpines. The flowers are com- 
pqjed of many golden florets, which do not appear 
till the middle or latter end of July ; and unlefs the 
autumn proves warm and dry, the feeds do not ripen 
in England. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in Spain and Sicily ; 
this hath a perennial root, from which fpring up ma- 
ny thick ftalks that rile about three feet high, branch- 
ing out on the fides the whole length, and are gar- 
nilhecl with ftiff jagged leaves, whofe borders are 
thicker than the other part, and are armed with fpines 
like the former fort ; the ftalks have leafy borders 
as the other, which are ftrongly armed with fpines. 
The flowers are produced at the top of the ftalks, 
and are ihaped like thole of the former fort. Thefe 
appear in July, and if the feafon proves warm and 
dry, they will be fucceeded by feeds which ripen in 
autumn. 
They are propagated by feeds, which Ihould be fown 
in March or April, on a bed of frelh undunged earth, 
in an open fituation ; and when the plants are conoe 
up, they Ihould be kept clear from weeds *, and where 
they grow too clofe, fome of them Ihould be pulled 
out, fo as to leave thofe which Ire defigned to remain 
about two feet afunder. This is all the culture which 
thefe plants require, for as they fend forth tap-roots 
they do not bear tranfplanting w r ell, therefore they 
mult be fown where they are to remain •, and if they 
are kept clear from weeds, they will thrive very well, 
and when the feafon proves dry, will perfeft their feeds 
in autumn ; but in wet feafons they rarely ever pro- 
duce good feeds in England, which renders it diffi- 
cult to continue the fpecies, without procuring frelh 
feeds from abroad. 
Thefe plants are preferred by thofe perfons who are 
curious in botany for variety’s fake, but are rarely 
planted in other gardens. 
S C O P A R I A. Sweet-weed, or Wild Liquorice. 
The Characters are, 
It hath an empalement of one leaf which is concave , and 
divided into four fender rough fegments. The fiower is 
of one petal , which fpreads open , is concave , and divided 
vtto four fegments , which are equal, obtufe , and bearded : 
it hath four awl-foaped farnina which are equal and f sorter 
than the petal , terminated by fimple fummits -, and a co- 
nical germen fupporting an awl-fhaped fiyle longer than the 
corolla , crowned by an acute fiigma the germen becomes 
an oblong oval-pointed capfule with one cell, filled zvith 
'oblong feeds. 
This genus of plants i$. ranged in the firft feftion of 
Linnssus’s fourth clafs, which includes thofe plants 
whofe flowers have four ftamina and one ftyle. 
We have but one Species at prefent in England, 
viz. 
1. Scopari a ( Dulcis ) foliis ternis, floribus peduncula- 
SCO 
tis. Lin. Sp. 168. Sweet Weed with three leaves fur 
rounding the ftalks, and fiower s upon foot-ftalks. Vero- 
nica fruticofa erefto dulci hexangulari caule. Sloan. 
Hifc. 1. p. 195. Shrubby ereB Speedwell, with an hexan- 
lar ftalk. 
This plant in Europe is generally an annual, for -af- 
ter it has ripened its feeds it dies. It hath an hexan- 
gular ftalk which rifes near two feet high, fending 
out many branches which are garnilhed with three 
leaves placed round at each joint ^ thefe are about an 
inch long and a quarter of an inch broad, fawed on 
their edges, and of a deep green colour ; the flowers 
come out from the fide of the ftalks at each joint. 
Handing upon foot-ftalks •, they are fmall, white, and 
their petals have bearded threads on their edges 
thefe are fucceeded by capfules having one cell, open- 
ing with two valves, containing many oblong feeds. 
It is propagated by feeds which fliould be fown upon 
a hot-bed in the fpring ; and when the plants are come 
up fit to remove, they Ihould be planted upon , a freffi 
hot-bed to bring them forward, obferving to Ihade 
and water them until they have taken new root j af- 
ter which, they fliould have the air admitted to them 
daily, according to the warmth of the feafon, and 
they muft be frequently refreflied with water. In 
June they may be taken up with balls of earth to 
their roots, and planted into open borders, where they 
will flower, and perfeft their feeds in the autumn, and 
foon after perifh. 
S C O R D I U M. See Teucrium. 
SCORPIURUS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 886. Scorpi- 
o'ides. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 402. tab. 226. [fo called, 
becaufe the hulk being wreathed, refembles the tail 
of a dragon : it is by fome called CampoYdes, of 
K dpirn, a canker-worm, and ad©- 3 , form.] CaterpiL 
lars •, in French, Chenille. 
The Characters are. 
The empalement of the flower is of one leaf, and is erebf , 
blown up, lightly comprejfed , ending in five acute points. 
The flower is of the butterfly kind-, it has a roundifh 
ftandard which is indented at the point , where it is re- 
flexed and fpreading. The wings are loofle, almoft oval, 
having obtufe appendages. The keel is halfmoon-fjaped, 
the belly is gibbous, pointed, and erebl, cut into two parts 
below. It hath ten ftamina, nine joined and ctie fleparate , 
terminat ed by fmall fummits and an oblong taper germen 
a little reflexed, fupporting a rifling inflexed ftyle, termi- 
nated by a point for a ftigma. The germen afterward 
becomes an oblong , taper , leathery , rough , channelled pod, 
twifled in many longitudinal cells divided within , and on 
the outfide contrasted into knotty joints , each cell contain- 
ing one feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the third feftion of 
Linnseus’s feventeentn clafs, which includes thofe 
plants whofe flowers have ten ftamina joined in two 
bodies. 
The Species are, 
1. Scorpiurus ( Vermiculata ) pedunculis unifioris, legu- 
minibus teftis undique fquamis obtufts. Lin. Sp. 
Plant. 744. Caterpillar with one flower upon a foot-ftalk , 
and a pod covered with obtufe fcales on every fide. Scor- 
pioides filiqua crafsa boelii. Tourn. Inft. 402. Cater- 
pillar with a thick pod. 
2. Scorpiurus ( Muricata ) pedunculis bifloris, legumi- 
nibus extrorfum obtuse aculeatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 745.. 
Caterpillar with two flowers on each foot-ftalk, and the 
outfide of the pods armed with blunt fpines. Scorpioides 
bupleuri folio filiquis lenibus. Park. 1 1 17. Caterpillar 
with a Hard s- ear leaf and a [mother pod. 
3. Scorpiurus ( Sulcata ) pedunculis lubtrifloris, legu- 
minibus extrorfum fpinis diftinftis acutis. Lin. Sp. 
Plant. 745. Caterpillar with foot-ftalks having three 
flozvers, and the outfide of the pods armed with foarp difi- 
tinbi fpines. Scorpioides bupleuri folio. C. B. P. Ca- 
terpillar zvith a Hare' s-ear leaf. 
4. Scorpiurus ( Subvillofa ) pedunculis fubquadrifioris, 
legurninibus extrorfum fpinis confertis acutis. Lin. 
Sp. Plant. 745. Caterpillar with four flowers fometimds 
upon a foot-ftalk , and the outfide of the pods armed with 
foarp fpines which grow in dufers. Scorpfioides bu- 
