SCR 
in the common empalement, turns to oblong cor- j 
nered feeds, having a roundifh ball of feathery down 
at the top. 
The fecond fort is fhorter than either of the former •, 
the leaves are broader, the ftalk is almoft naked, and 
has one yellow flower at the top. 
The third fort has narrow, keeled, fword-fhaped 
leaves ; the Italics are {lender, they rife about two 
feet high, branch toward the top, and fuftain pale 
yellow flowers, which are fmaller than thofe of the 
former forts. 
The fourth fort has narrow' awl-fhaped leaves, which 
are fhorter than thofe of the former ; the fcalk is ta- 
per, and branches at the top ; the flowers are of a 
pale purple colour. 
The fifth fort grows a foot and a half high •, the 
leaves are narrow and awl-fhaped ; the foot-ftalk im- 
mediately under the flower is thicker than below, 
and the lower part of the ftalk is hairy ; the flower 
is yellow. 
The fixth fort rifes with a fmooth branching ftalk 
two feet high, and is garnifhed with narrow leaves 
having many winged points, refembling thofe of 
Buck’s-horn Plantain, but larger. The flowers are 
yellow, and ftand upon long naked foot-ftalks at the 
end of the branches. 
The feventh fort is very like the fixth, excepting 
that of the italics fpreading on the ground, which is 
not accidental ; the indentures on the leaves are more 
obtufe, and the tops of the cups are woolly. I have 
cultivated both forts above thirty years, and have ne- 
ver found either of them alter. 
The firft fort is only cultivated for ufe, the others are 
preferved in botanic gardens for variety, but are fel- 
dom admitted into other gardens. 
Thefe plants may be propagated by fowing their 
feeds in the beginning of April, upon a fpot of light 
frefh foil. The beft method of fowing them is, to 
draw fhallow furrows by a line about a foot afunder, 
into which you fhould fcatter the feeds, thinly cover- 
ing them over about half an inch thick with the fame 
light earth ; and when the plants are come up, they 
fhould be thinned where they are too clofe in the rows, 
leaving them at leaft fix inches afunder ; and at the 
fame time, you fhould hoe down all the weeds to de- 
ftroy them ; and this muft be repeated as often as is 
necefiary, for -if the weeds are permitted to grow 
among the plants, they will draw them up weak. 
There are many people who fow their feeds promif- 
cuoufly in a bed, and afterward tranfplant them out 
the diftance they would have them grow •, but this is 
not fo well as the former method, becaufe their roots 
commonly {hoot downright, which, in Being tranf- 
planted, are often broken, fo that they never will 
make fuch fair roots as thofe which remain in the 
fame place where they are fown ; for when the ex- 
treme part of the root is broken, it never extends it- 
felf in length afterwards, but only fhoots into many 
forked fmall roots, which are not near fo valuable as 
thofe which are large and ftrait. Thefe roots may be 
taken up when the leaves begin to decay, at which 
time they have done growing, though they may re- 
main in the ground until fpring, and may be taken 
up as they are ufed ; but thofe which remain in the 
ground till March, will {hoot up their flower-ftems, 
after which they are not fo good, being fticky and 
ftrong. 
If you intend to fave feeds of thefe plants, you ftiould 
let a parcel of the beft remain in the places where 
they grew •, and when their fcems are grown to their 
height, they fhould be fupported with flakes, to pre- 
vent their failing to the ground, or breaking. In 
June they will flower, and about the beginning of 
Auguft their feeds will ripen, when they fhould be 
gathered, and preferved dry till the fpring following 
for ufe. 
gCROPHULARI A. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 166. 
tab. 74. Lin. Gen. Plant. 674. [fo called, on ac- 
count of its refembling Scrophuli, by its inequality ; 
not becaufe it is good to cure the fcrophula in the 
SCR 
neck, as is vulgarly thought.] Figwort ; In Frerielu 
Scrofulaire. 
The Characters are. 
The flower has a permanent empalement of one leaf. \ cut 
into five parts at the top. It hath one unequal petal , 
•with a large globular tube. The brim is cut into five 
fmall parts •, the two upper are large and ere£l, the two 
fide ones fpread open , and the under is reflexed. It has 
flour fender deflexed flamina , two of which are the length 
of the petal, and two are fhorter , terminated by twin 
flmmits \ and an oval germen fupporting a Jingle flyle 
the length of the flamina , crowned by a fmgle ftigma „ 
The germen afterward turns to a roundifh-pointed capfuls 
with two cells , which open at the top , and are filled with 
fmall feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fe£tion 
of Linnaeus’s fourteenth clafs, which contains thofe 
plants whofe flowers have two long and two fliorter 
flamina, and their feeds are included in a capfule. 
The Species are, 
1. Scrophul aria ( Nodofa ) foliis cordatis baft tranfver- 
fts, caule acutangulo. Lin. Sp. Plant. 863. Figwort 
with heart-fhaped leaves , whofe bafe are tranfuerje , and 
a ftalk having acute angles. Scrophularia nodofa feeti- 
da. C. B. P. Figwort with a knobby root and a finking 
fmell. 
2. Scrophularia (Aquatic a) foliis cordatis petiolatis 
decurrentibus obtufis, caule membranis angulato, ra~ 
cemis terminalibus. Hort. Upfal. 177. Figwort with 
heart-fhaped leaves having running foot-ftalks , and an an- 
gular membranaceous ftalk , terminated by a racemus of 
flowers. Scrophularia aquatica major. C. B. P. 23 6 . 
Greater Water Figwort , by fome called Water Betony. 
3. Scrophularia ( Sulphur ea ) foliis cordato-oblongis, 
baft appendiculatis, racemis terminalibus. Lcefl. Lin* 
Sp. Plant. 620. Figwort with oblong heart-fhaped leaves 
having appendages at their bafe , and ftalks terminated by 
a racemus of flowers. Scrophularia aquatica, flore 
fulphureo. Michel. Water Figwort with a brimf one-co- 
loured flower. 
4. Scrophularia ( Cordato ) foliis cordato-fagittatis, acute 
ferratis, racemis terminalibus. Scrophularia with heart- 
fhaped arrow-pointed leaves which are acutely flawed . , 
and ftalks terminated by a racemus of flowers. Scrophu- 
laria betonicas folio. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 166. Figwort 
with a Betony leaf. 
5. Scrophularia ( Scorodonia ) foliis cordatis duplicate 
ferratis racemo compofitis. Figwort with heart-fhaped 
doubly-flawed leaves , and a compound racemus of flowers. 
Scrophularia meliflas folio. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 166. 
Figwort with a Baum leaf. 
6. Scrophularia (. Italica ) foliis cordatis duplicato-fer- 
ratis, racemo compofito. Flor. Leyd. Prod. 296. Fig- 
wort with heart-fhaped doubly-flawed leaves , and compound 
bunches of flowers. Scrophularia nemorenfis, folio ur- 
ticas rugofo, flore atro-punicante. Hort Cath. Wood 
Figwort with a rough Nettle leaf \ and a dark red flower. 
7. Scrophularia ( Trifoliata ) foliis glabris, inferiori- 
bus ternato-pinnatis obtufis, fuperioribus fimplicibus, 
pedunculis fubtrifloris axillaribus. Lin. Sp. 865. Fig- 
wort with fmooth leaves , the lower being winged and 
placed by threes , but the upper are fmgle , and have foot- 
ftalks with three flowers. Scrophularia Hifpanica, fam- 
buci folio glabro. Tourn. Inft. i 65 . Spanifh Figwort 
with a fmooth Elder leaf. 
8. Scrophularia ( Sambucifolia ) foliis interrupte pinna- 
tis cordatis inaequalibus, racemofo terminali, pedun- 
culis axillaribus geminis dichotomis. Lin. Sp. 865* 
Figwort with unequal heart-fhaped leaves having inter- 
rupted wings , and flowers produced on forked foot- 
ftalks by pairs. Scrophularia maxima Lufitanica, farm 
buci folio languinofo. Tourn. Inft. 167. Greateft Bor - 
tugal Figwort with a woolly Elder leaf \ 
9 . Scrophularia (Canina ) foliis inferioribus pinnatis 
fummis integris duplicato-ferratis, racemis axillaribus! 
Figwort with the lower leaves winged , thofe at the top 
entire , doubly flawed , and bunches of flowers at the wings 
of the ftalk. Scrophularia ruta canina difta vulgaris, 
C. B, P. 236. Common Figwort, called Do fs-rue. 
564 
12 
IQ. SCRQ- 
