s c u 
fepafate fmall pots, and plunged into a very moderate 
hot-bed, fhading them from the fun till they have 
taken new root •, after which they mu ft be gradually 
hardened to bear the open air, into which they may 
be removed the latter end of June, placing them in a 
flickered fituation, where they may remain till Sep- 
tember, when they fhould be removed into fhelter be- 
fore any morning frofts come on, and in winter they 
muft be placed in a ftove, kept moderately warm, 
where they will thrive and produce flowers the follow- 
ing fummer. 
SCUTELLARIA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 653. Caffida. 
Tourn. Inft. R. 1 1 . 181. tab. 84. Skull-cap ; in 
French, La 'Toque. 
The Characters are, 
The flower has a very floort tubulous empalement of one 
leaf \ whofe brim is entire , having an incumbent fcaly 
operculum which feems clofed it is of the lip kind , with 
a very port crooked tube , long comprefjed chaps , and a 
convive trifid upper lip , the middle fegment being concave 
and indented , the two fide ones plain. The under Up is 
broad and indented \ it has four ft amina hid under the up- 
per lip , two of which are longer than the other , terminat- 
ed by fmall fummits , and a four-pointed germen fupport- 
ing a fender ftyle fituated with the ft amina , crowned by a 
ftyigle recurved Jligma -, the empalement afterward becomes 
a helmet-paped capfule , including the four feeds which are 
roundip. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firfl: feftion of 
JLinnasus’s fourteenth clafs, which includes thofe 
plants whofe flowers have two long and two fhorter 
ftamina, and are fucceeded by naked feeds fitting in 
the empalement. 
The Species are, 
1. Scutellaria ( Peregrina ) foliis fubcordatis ferratis, 
fpicis elongatis fecundis. Hort. Clift. 317. Skull-cap 
with almoft heart-paped flawed leaves , and f pikes of 
fruitful flowers. Caffida. Col. Ecph. 1. p. 187. Skull- 
cap. 
2 . Scutellaria ( Cretica ) foliis cordatis obtufis obtuse- 
que ferratis, fpicis villofa imbricatis bradteis fetaceis. 
Prod. Leyd. 311. Skull-cap with woolly , cbtufe , heart- 
paped leaves which are bluntly flawed , and imbricated 
[pikes of flowers. Caffida Cretica fruticofa, catarias 
folio flore albo. Tourn. Cor. 1 1. Shrubby Cretan Skull- 
cap . , with a Cat-mint leaf and a white flower. 
3. Scutellaria (. Altijfma ) foliis cordato-oblongis, acu- 
minatis ferratis, fpicis fubnudis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 600. 
Skull-cap with oblong , acute-pointed , heart-paped , flawed 
leaves , and almoft naked fpikes of flowers. Caffida Ori- 
entalis altiffima, urticas folio. Tourn. Cor. 11. Tatteft 
Eaflern Skull-cap with a Nettle leaf. 
4. Scutellaria ( Orientalis ) foliis incifis, fubtus tomen- 
tofis, fpicis rotundato tetragonis. Hort. Upfal. 173. 
Skull-cap with cut leaves which are woolly on their under 
fide, and round four-cornered fpikes. Caffida Orientalis 
Chameedyros folio, flore luteo. Tourn. Cor. 1 1. Eafl- 
ern Skull-cap , with a Germander leaf and ayellow flower. 
Scutellaria (. Integrifolia ) foliis feffilibus ovatis, in- 
terioribus obfolete ferratis, fuperioribus integerrimis. 
Lin. Sp. Plant. 599. Skull-cap with oval leaves fitting 
clofe to the [talks, the under of which are fometimes flawed, 
and the upper entire. Caffida folio meliffe, flore pur- 
pureo, longiore. Boerh. Ind. alt. 1. 177. Skull-cap 
with a Baum leaf, and a longer purple flower. 
6. Scutellaria (. Lupulina ) foliis cordatis incifo-ferratis 
utrinque glabris, fpica rotundato-tetragona. Hort. 
Upfal. 173. Skull-cap with fawed cut leaves which are 
fmooth on both ftdes , and a roundip four-cornered fpike 
of flowers. Caffida Alpina fupina, magno flore. 
Tourn. Inft. R. H. 182. Low Alpine Skull-cap with a 
large flower. 
There are fome other fpecies of this genus, which 
are plants of little beauty, fo are feldom admitted in- 
to gardens, for which reafon they are not enumerated 
here. 
The firfl: fort grows naturally in Italy. Mr. Ray ob- 
ferved it about Leghorn and Florence, in the hedges 
and uncultivated places in plenty : this hath a peren- 
nial root. The ftalk is four-cornered, hairy, and 
6 
riles two feet high ; it isgarnifhed with leaves placed 
oppofite, which are almoft heart-fbaped and fawed on 
their edges. The flowers grow in long fruitful fpikes 
at the top of the ftalks j they are of a purple colour 
in fome, and in others they are white thefe appear 
in June, and after .they decay, the empalement, which 
reprefents a helmet, contains four roundifh feeds 
which ripen in Auguft. 
The feconcl fort grows naturally in Crete-, this hath 
a ligneous ftalk which riles about two feet high, 
fending out (lender fide branches, garnifned with ob- 
tufe heart-fhaped leaves, which are bluntly fawed on 
their edges ; they are hoary on their under fide, and 
of a light green on their upper. The flowers are dif- 
pofed in pretty long fpikes at the top of the ftalks ; 
they are white, and have fmall leaves growing be- 
tween them. This flowers in July, and the feeds ri- 
pen in autumn. 
The third fort grows naturally in the Levant ; this 
hath a perennial root. The ftalks rife from three to 
four feet high, fending out a few (lender branches 
from their ftdes ; they are garnifhed with oblong 
heart-fhaped leaves, ending in acute points, which are 
fawed on their edges. The flowers are difpofed in 
naked fpikes at the top of the ftalks ; they are pur- 
ple, and have longer tubes than any of the other 
forts. This flowers about the fame time as the 
former. 
The fourth fort grows naturally in the Levant; this 
is a perennial plant, with fhrubby ftalks which fpread 
on the ground, and divide into fmall branches which 
are garnifhed with cut leaves placed oppofite ; they 
are almoft triangular, of a light green on their upper 
fide, and downy on their under, (landing upon (len- 
der foot-ftalks. The flowers are difpofed in (hort four- 
cornered fpikes at the end of the branches ; they are 
of a bright yellow colour, and are fucceeded by gray 
feeds which ripen in the empalement. This plant be- 
gins to flower the latter end of May, and there is com- 
monly a fucceffion of flowers on the fame plant up- 
ward of two months. 
The fifth fort grows naturally in North America ; it 
has a perennial root, from which come forth feveral 
four-cornered ftalks, which rife two feet high, fend- 
ing out many fide branches. The lower leaves are 
heart-fhaped and fawed on their edges, (landing up- 
on pretty long foot-ftalks ; the upper leaves are oval 
and entire. The flowers are difpofed in very long 
loofe fpikes at the end of the branches ; they are of 
a purple colour, and appear the latter end of June; 
thefe are fucceeded by feeds which ripen in September. 
The fixth fort grows naturally on the Alps and Apen- 
nines. The ftalks of this are fhrubby and trailing ; 
the leaves are cut on their edges, and fmooth on 
both Tides ; the flowers are difpofed at the top of the 
ftalks in roundifti four-cornered fpikes ; in one they 
are white, and in another variety they are blue ; they 
are larger than the flowers of any other known fpecies, 
fo make a pretty appearance in gardens. This flowers 
in June, July, and Auguft, and the feeds ripen in 
autumn. 
Thefe plants are all of them propagated by feeds. If 
thefe are fown in autumn foon after they are ripe, 
they will more certainly fucceed than when they are 
fown in the fpring, for fometimes thefe mifearry, and, 
if they fucceed, the plants feldom come up the fame 
feafon. The feeds may either be fown where the 
plants are to remain, or in a border to be afterward 
removed ; but, as the fourth fort does not bear tranf- 
planting well, unlefs they are removed young, the 
feeds of that had better be fown where the plants are 
to (land. This fliould be on a dry warm border of 
poor earth, where the plants will live much longer, 
and make a better appearance than on a rich foil, 
though they feldom continue more than two or three 
years. When the plants come up, they will require 
no other care but to thin them, and keep them clean 
from weeds. 
When the other forts come up, and are fit to remove, 
they may be tranfplanted into a nurfery-bed at five or 
fix 
