foot-ftalks, each fuftaining one erect flower compof- 
ed of feveral hermaphrodite florets in the center, and 
a few female florets from the rays or border. They 
are yellow, and appear in June and July, and the feeds 
ripen in autumn, which are crowned with down. 
It is propagated by offsets, which come out in plenty 
from the root •, thefe may be feparated in autumn, 
and planted in an eaft border of loamy earth, allowing 
each plant two feet room to fpread. When they have 
taken new root, they will require no other care but 
to keep them clean from w.eeds. 
The fourth fort grows naturally in Africa ; this hath 
an herbaceous perennial ftalk, which branches out at 
the bottom, and rifes about two feet and a half high, 
garnifhed at bottom with narrow leaves, which are 
feven or eight inches long, finuated on the fides 
fo as to refemble winged leaves, and are alfo in- 
dented. The upper leaves are fmaller, and embrace 
the (talks ; they are very clammy, and (tick to the 
fingers on being handled ; the upper part of the ftalk 
divides into feveral very long foot-ftalks, each fuftain- 
ing one yellow radiated flower. Thefe plants conti- 
nue in flower moft part of the fummer, and the feeds 
fometimes ripen in autumn. 
This is propagated by cutting off the fide (hoots in 
any of the fummer months, and planting them in a 
fhady border, where in five or fix weeks they will take 
root, and may then be taken up and planted in pots, 
placing them in the (hade till they have new roots ; 
then they may be removed to an open fituation, ob- 
ferving to water them duly in dry weather, and in 
winter they rauft be placed under a frame, where they 
may be fcreened from hard froft, for they will not 
live abroad through the year here. 
The fifth fort grows naturally at the Cape of Good 
Hope ; it is an annual plant, which hath many herba- 
ceous branching (talks that rife near three feet high, 
garnifhed with equal wing-pointed leaves which fpread 
flat. The flowers are produced in bunches on the top 
of the (talks ; they are large and radiated, the border 
or rays being of a beautiful purple colour, and the 
middle or difk yellow. Thefe plants flower from July 
till the froft (tops them, and make a fine appearance. 
The feeds ripen in autumn, which, if permitted to 
fcatter, there will be plenty of plants rife the fpring 
following without care-, they may be alfo fown upon 
a bed of earth in the fpring, and when the plants are 
fit to remove, they may be tranfplanted about the 
borders of the flower-garden. If feme of the plants 
are planted in pots and houfed in winter, they may 
be preferved till fpring. 
The fixth fort grows naturally on the Alps and Pyre- 
nees this hath a perennial root and an annual ftalk. 
The root is compofed of a great number of long (len- 
der fibres which ftrike deep in the ground, and fpread 
on every fide ; the ftalks rife two feet high, and be- 
come a little ligneous in autumn ; they are garnifhed 
their whole length with very narrow wing-pointed 
leaves, refembiing thofe of Hogs Fennel ; the flowers 
are produced in bunches on the top of the ftalks ; 
they are yellow, and have rays or borders refembiing 
thofe of the other fpecies. This fort flowers in June 
and July, and the feeds ripen in autumn. 
It is propagated by feeds, which (hould be fown up- 
on a bed of loamy earth, where it is expofed only 
to the morning fun, where the plants will rife better 
than in a warmer fituation. When the plants are fit 
to remove, they may be tranfplanted on a (hady bor- 
der, where they may remain till autumn, obferving 
to keep them clear from weeds all the fummer ; then 
they (hould be tranfplanted to the places where they 
are to remain. The following fummer the plants will 
flower and produce ripe feeds, and the roots will 
continue, if they are in a (hady fituation and a loamy 
foil. 
The feventh fort grows naturally about Paris, by the 
fides of waters and in moift meadows. The root is 
perennial the ftalks rife three or four feet high, are 
clofe channelled, and garnifhed v/ith fword-fhaped 
leaves, five or fix inches long and one broad, which 
are fnarply flawed on their edges, and are hairy on 
their under fide. The upper part of the ftalk divides 
into feveral (lender foot-ftalks; fuftaining yellow radi- 
ated flowers which appear in June and July, and the 
feeds ripen in autumn, food after which the ftalks de- 
cay to the root. 
The eighth fort grows naturally on the Helvetian 
mountains, and is fometimes found growing in low 
rnarfhy places in the Me of Ely ; this hath a creeping 
root, by which it propagates and fpreads wide when- 
ever it is once eftablifhed. The ftalks of this rife four 
feet high, and are garniflied with fmooth fpear-fhaped 
leaves five inches long, and one and a quarter broad ; 
they are (awed on their edges, and placed alternate. 
Tire flowers are yellow, radiated, and produced in a 
fort of corymbus on the top of the ftalk ; thefe come 
out in July, and are fucceeded by feeds having down, 
which ripen in autumn. 
The ninth fort grows naturally in France this hath 
fome refemblance of the eighth, but the root does 
not creep like that. The leaves are (horter, and the 
ferratures on their edges are very fmall ; they em- 
brace the ftalks with their bafe, and end in (harper 
points. The flowers are produced in larger and loofer 
bunches on the top of the ftalk, are of a paler yellow 
colour than thofe of the former, and appear about 
the fame time. 
The tenth fort grolvs naturally in the Levant, where it 
was difcovered by Dr. Tournefort, who lent the feeds 
to the Royal Garden at Paris this hath a perennial 
root and an annual ftalk. The lower leaves are a foot 
long, four inches broad in the middle, and fomewhat 
draped like a fcymitar, the midrib being curved out- 
ward toward the point ; they -are fmooth, and (lightly 
indented on their edges. The ftalk rifes four feet 
high, and is garnilhed with leaves growing fmaller all 
the whole length, which embrace it half round with 
their bafe at the top of the ftalk the flowers are pro- 
duced in a compaft corymbus they are of a deep yel- 
low, and have rays like thofe of the former forts, 
which appear about the fame time. 
Thefe forts are eaflly propagated by feeds or parting 
of their roots the latter is generally pradtifed when 
the plant is once obtained, as that is the moft expe- 
ditious method, efpecially for the eighth fort, whofe 
roots are apt to fpread and increafe too faft where 
they are not confined. The beft time to tranfplant 
and divide thefe roots is in autumn, when their ftalks 
decay, that they map get good root before the fpring. 
Thefe plants are too large for fmall gardens, fo ar<± 
proper furniture for large borders, in extenfive gar- 
dens, or to plant oq the fides of woods, where they 
may be allowed roofo, for they (hould have at leaft 
four feet allowed to each. When thefe are intermixed 
with other tall growing plants in fuch places, they 
will add to the variety. 
If they are propagated by feeds, they (hould be fown 
on a (hady border in the fpring, obferving, if the fea- 
fon proves dry, to water the ground from time to time, 
which will bring up the plants ; thefe muft be kept 
clean from weeds, and when they are fit to remove, 
they (hould be tranfplanted into beds at a foot diftance, 
where they may remain till autumn, and then they 
(hould be tranfplanted to the places where they are to 
(land for flowering. 
The eleventh fort grows naturally on the Alps ; this 
is a perennial plant of low growth. The ftalks feldom 
rife a foot high ; the whole plant is covered with a 
very white hoary down the leaves are winged and 
indented ; the flowers are colle&ed into a dole round 
corymbus on the top of the ftalk they are of a gold 
colour, and are radiated ; thefe appear in June, but 
are rarely fucceeded by good feeds in England. 
It is propagated by (lipping off the heads in the fpring, 
and planting them in a bed of loamy earth in a 
(hady fituation, where they will put out roots, and 
may afterward be tranfplanted into an eaft border, 
where they may have the morning fun only, for this 
plant loves a gentle loamy foil, and a fituation not too 
much expofed to the fun. The plant having fine 
