clofe t'Q the ftalks, ending in acute points. Cirfiuni tii- 
berofum, capitulis fquarrofis Hort. Elth. 83. ‘Tuber- 
ous melancholy Thijlle with rough heads. 
5. Serratula ( Scariofa ) foliis lanceolatis integerrimis, 
calycibus fquarrofis pedunculatis obcufis lateralibus. 
Lin. Sp. Plant. 818. Saw-wort with entire fpear-ftoaped 
leaves and rough empalements , having obtufe foot-Jlalks 
proceeding from the fide of the ftalks. Jacea latifolia 
Virginiana, radice tuberosa. Banift. Cat. Broad-leaved 
Virginian Knap-weed with a tuberous root. 
6. Serratula (Spicata) foliis linearibus, floribus fef- 
filibus lateralibus fpicatis, caule fimplici. Lin. Sp. 
Plant. 819. Saw-wort with linear leaves, flowers in 
fpikes from the fide of the ftalks fitting clofe , and a fingle 
ftalk. Jacea non ramofa, tuberosa radice, floribus 
plurimis rigidis peranguftis. Banift. Cat. 1927. Un- 
branched Knap-weed with a tuberous root , and many nar- 
row rigid flowers. 
7. Serrulata ( Caroliniana ) foliis lanceolatis rigidis, 
acute ferratis, caule corymbofo. Saw-wort with ftiff 
fpear-Jhaped leaves ftoarply flawed , and ftalks forming a 
corymbus. Serratula Carolinienfis, virgas paftoris fo- 
lio. Hort. Elth. 353. Carolina Saw-wort with a Shep- 
herd's Rod leaf. 
8. Serratula {Preealta) foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, in- 
tegerrimis fubtus hirfutis. Saw-wort oblong, fpear-Jhaped, 
entire leaves , hairy on their under fide. Serratula Vir- 
giniana, perficte folio fubtus incano. Hort. Elth. 
356. Virginian Saw-wort with a Peach-tree leaf, hoary 
on the under fide. 
9. Serratula ( Alpina ) calycibus fubhirfutis ovatis fo- 
liis indivifis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 816. Saw-wort with oval 
empalements a little hairy. Cirfium humile montanum 
cynoglofti folio polyanthemum. Mor. Hift. 3. p. 148. 
Low mountain melancholy Thiftle, with a Hound' s-tongue 
leaf, and many flowers. 
The firft fort grows naturally in moift woods and 
marihes in many parts of England, fo is rarely ad- 
mitted into gardens. There are two varieties of this, 
one with a white, and the other a purple flower. The 
root is perennial *, the lower leaves are fometimes en- 
tire, and fometimes are cut almoft to the midrib into 
many jags •, they are fmooth, of a deep green, and 
neatly fawed on their edges. The ftalks rife two feet 
high, and are garniflied with wing-pointed leaves, 
whofe extreme lobe is much larger than the other ; 
thefe are fawed on their edges *, the upper part of the 
ftalk divides into feveral foot-ftalks, fuftaining at the 
top oblong fquamous heads or empalements, which 
include feveral hermaphrodite florets. Thefe appear 
in July, and are fucceeded by feeds which ripen in 
autumn. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in North America ; 
this hath a perennial root, from which come out fe- 
veral channelled ftalks which rife feven or eight feet 
high, garnifhed with fpear-ftiaped leaves from four to 
five inches long, and one inch broad in the middle, 
drawing to a point at each end •, they are flightly faw- 
ed on their edges, and are downy on their under fide, 
fitting clofe to the ftalk ; the upper part of the ftalk 
divides into foot-ftalks, which fuftain purple flowers in 
fcaly empalements. Thefe appear the latter end of 
July, but are feldom fucceeded by good feeds in 
England. 
The third fort is a native of North America ; the 
root is perennial, and the ftalks rife fix or feven feet 
high -, they are purple and channelled. The leaves 
are oblong, oval, about three inches long, and an 
inch and a half broad in the middle, ending in acute 
points ; they are ftiff, fawed on their edges, and are 
of a light green on both Aides, The flowers grow in 
a loofe corymbus at the top of the ftalk ; they are 
purple, and have roundifh empalements. This fort 
flowers in Auguft, but the feeds feldom ripen in 
England. 
The fourth fort grows naturally in Carolina, from 
whence I received the feeds. This hath a tuberous 
root, from which comes out a fingle ftalk riling near 
three feet high, garniflied with ftiff linear leaves 
about three inches long, which are entire, and rough 
id the touch, of a pale green on both Aides. The 
upper part of the ftalk is adorned with purple flowers, 
having oblong, rough, prickly empalements ; thefe 
come out from the fide of the 'ftalk alternately, and 
the ftalk is terminated by one head which is larger 
than the other ; thefe fit clofe to the ftalks. The 
flowers appear in Auguft, but this fort never ripens 
feeds here. 
The fifth fort grows naturally in moft parts of North 
America-, this has a large tuberous root, from which 
comes out one ftrong channelled ftalk, which rifes 
three or four feet high, clofely garnilhed with narrow 
fpear-ftiaped leaves which are entire ; they are about 
three inches long, and half an inch broad. The up- 
per part of the ftalk is adorned with a long loofe fpike 
of purple flowers, which come out from the fide upon 
pretty long blunt foot-ftalks ; they have large rough 
empalements, compofed of wedge-fhaped fcales. The 
flowers on the top of the fpike blow firft, and are fuc- 
ceeded by the other downward, which is contrary to 
the greateft number of plants, whofe flowers are 
ranged in fpikes, for moft of them begin to flower at 
the bottom, and are fucceeded by thofe above. The 
flowers of this fort appear in Auguft, but the feeds do 
not ripen here. 
The fixth fort is a native of North America ; this has 
a tuberous root, from which comes forth a fingle ftalk 
rifingfrom two to three feet high, garniflied with very 
narrow fmooth leaves, which at bottom are more than 
three inches long, but gradually diminifh to the top j 
they are placed round the ftalk without any order, fit- 
ting clofe to it at their bafe. The upper part of the 
ftalk is adorned with fmaller purple flowers than thofe 
of the former, fitting clofe to the ftalk, forming a 
long loofe fpike ; they appear about the fame time as 
thofe of the former fort. 
The feventh fort is alfo a native of North America 5 
it has a perennial fibrous root, from which arife feve- 
ral ftrong purple ftalks upward of fix feet high 5 they 
are channelled, and garnilhed with fpear-ftiaped leaves, 
which toward the bottom of the ftalks are more than 
fix inches long, and an inch and a half broad in the 
middle, drawing to points at both ends ; they are. 
gradually lefs to the top of the ftalks, and are ftiff, 
deeply fawed on their edges, of a pale green on their 
under fide. The upper part of the ftalk divides into 
fmall branches, forming a loofe corymbus of purple 
flowers, which are irregular in height, fome of the 
flowers ftanding upon fhorter foot-ftalks than the 
other their empalements are round, and the fcales 
terminate in briftly points. This fort flowers in July 
and Auguft, but does not produce good feeds in 
England. 
The eighth fort grows naturally in Carolina ; this has 
a fibrous perennial root ; the ftalk is branching, and 
rifes four feet high ; the leaves are feven inches long, 
and an inch and a half broad in the middle, ending in 
acute points -, they are entire and hairy on their un- 
der fide, fitting clofe to the ftalk. The flowers grow 
in loofe bunches at the end of the branches ; they have 
oval empalements, compofed of a few fcales which 
terminate in briftles. The flowers are of a pale pur- 
ple colour, and appear late in fummer, fo are not 
fucceeded by feeds here. 
The ninth fort grows naturally on the tops' of moun- 
tains in Wales and the North of England, and is but 
feldom kept in gardens. The root is perennial, from 
which come out one, two, or three ftalks, which rife 
a foot and a half high they are of a deep green co- 
lour, are channelled, and garniflied with deep green 
leaves their whole length ; thofe at the bottom are 
indented, but thofe on the upper part of the ftalks 
are entire ; they are about three inches long, and al- 
moft one broad, of a dark green colour. From the 
middle of the ftalk upward, there are branches fent 
out from the fide, which grow eretft, and fuftain at 
the top fmall bunches of purple flowers, which have 
oblong flender empalements a little hairy. The flowers 
appear in June and July. 
The. 
