gin to decay, and the plants may afterward be treated 
in the fame way as the perennial Sun-flower. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in Carolina ; the root 
of this is perennial ; the (talk is thick, folid, and fet 
with prickly hairs ; it rifes four or five feet high, 
and has many purple fpots , the leaves on the lower 
part of the (talk are placed alternate, but upward they 
are oppofite, and fit clofe to the ftalk ; they are 
rough, about two inches long, and one broad near 
their bafe, having a few (light indentures on their 
edges. The upper part of the ftalk divides into five 
or fix fmall branches, which are terminated by yellow 
radiated flowers like thofe of the perennial Sun- 
flower, but ftnaller, having generally nine female half 
florets which compofe the border or ray ; the other 
parts are like thofe of the former fort. It flowers in 
Auguft, but the feeds do not ripen in England. This 
fort is propagated by parting the roots in the fame 
way as the former, but as this is not quite fo hardy, 
it fhould be planted in a fheltered fituation. 
The third fort grows naturally in many parts of North 
America •, this is a perennial plant, whofe ftalks rife 
near three feet, and are garniftied with oblong fawed 
leaves placed by pairs upon (hort foot-ftalks. The 
flowers are loofely difpofed at the top of the ftalks ; 
they are yellow, and have their half florets which 
compofe the ray, indented in three parts at the end. 
This plant flowers in Auguft, but the feeds do not 
ripen here. It may be propagated in the fame way 
as the former, and the plants require the fame treat- 
ment. 
The fourth fort was difcovered by the late Dr. Wil- 
liam Houftoun, growing naturally at La Vera Cruz 
in New Spain. This rifes with a fhrubby ftalk to the 
height of eight or ten feet, fending out ligneous 
branches, which are garniftied with fpear-fhaped 
leaves placed alternately on every part of the ftalk ; 
they are four inches long, and one and a half broad in 
the middle, ending in acute points ; their furface is 
rough, and their edges (lightly fawed. The flowers 
are produced at the end of the branches, fome fingly 
on (lender foot-ftalks, others are by two or three upon 
each foot-ftalk ; they are unequal in height, and have 
fhort fcaly empalements. The florets are fhort which 
compofe the ray, and thofe of the di(k are more pro- 
minent than thofe of the other forts. They are of a 
deep yellow colour, but are not fucceeded by feeds in 
England. 
This fort is with difficulty propagated here, for un- 
lefs the feeds are procured from the country where the 
plants grow naturally, they cannot be obtained that 
way, and the cuttings are not apt to take root. The 
only method of getting them to grow, is to flip off 
the young (hoots in July, and plant them in a pot 
filled with foft loam, and plunge the pot into a gentle 
hot-bed, covering the pot clofely with a bell or hand- 
glafs, and fhade them from the fun. When the cut- 
tings are rooted, they fhould be each planted in a fe- 
parate pot, filled with light loamy earth ; and during 
the warm months, they may be placed in the open 
air in a warm fituation, but in winter they fhould be 
kept in a moderate ftove. 
S I N A P I S. Lin. Gen. Plant. 735 - Sinapi. Tourn. 
Lift. R. H. 227. tab. 1 12. [criV/] 7 n, of <rlm v opSaAjtftk, 
becaufe it forces tears from the eyes of thofe that ufe 
it incautioufly, makes the nofe red, and the eyes 
fwell.] Muftard; in French, Moutarde. 
The Characters are, 
The empalement of the flower is compofed of four narrow 
leaves placed in form of a crofs , which fpread open and 
fall off. The flower has four roundifh petals in form of 
a crofs , and four oval nediariums , one on each fide of the 
fhort fiamina and the point of and one on each fide of the 
longer fiamina and the empalement. It has fix awl-Jhaped 
eredi fiamina , two of which are oppofite and as long as the 
empalement , the other four are longer. In the center is 
placed a taper germen, with a fiyle the length of the ger men, 
crowned by a headed ftigma. The germen afterward turns 
to an oblcng pod, which is very rough at bottom , having 
two cells opening with two valves , whofe intermediate par- 
tition is large , compreffed , and almoft twice the length of 
the valves , and the feeds are globular. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fe&ion 
of Linnaeus’s fifteenth clafs, which includes thofe 
plants whofe flowers have four long and two fhorter 
fiamina, and the feeds are included in long pods. 
/-y-q o D A 
1 he opecies are, 
1. SiNAPis {Alba) filiquis hifpidis, roftro obliquo loir- 
giffimo, Hort. Cliff. 338. Muftard with prickly pods , 
and a very long oblique beak. Sinapi apii folio. C. B. P„ 
96. Mufiard with a Smallage leaf commonly called white 
Mufiard. 
2. Sinapis {Nigra), filiquis glabris apice tetragonis. 
Hort. Cliff. 338. Mufiard with a fmooth four-cornered 
pod. Sinapi rapi folio. C. B. P. 99. Mufiard with a 
Rape leaf or common Muftard. 
3. Sinapi ( Arvenfis ) filiquis multangulis torofo-turgidis, 
roftro longioribus. Hort. Cliff. 338. Mufiard with 
many-angled , rough, fwelling pods , having a longer beak, 
Sinapi arvenfe prsecox, femine nigro, foliis integris. 
Tourn. Inft. 226. Early Field Mufiard , with a black 
feed and entire leaves. 
4. Sinapis ( Erucoides ) filiquis laevibus a^qualibus, foliis 
lyratis oblongis glabris, caule fcabro. Amoen. Acad. 4. 
p. 322. Mufiard with fmooth equal pods , lyre-jhaped , 
oblong , fmooth leaves , and rough branches. Sinapi 
Hifpanicum, pumilum album. Tourn. Inft. 227. Low 
white Spanifh Mufiard. 
5. Sinapis ( Juncea ) ramis fafciculatis, foliis fummis 
lanceolatis integerrimis. Hort. Upfal. 19 1. Mufiard 
with bundled branches , and the upper leaves fpear-fhaped 
and entire. Sinapi Indicum maximum, ladiucae folio. 
Par. Bat. 230. Great eft Indian Mufiard with a Lettuce 
leaf. 
6 . Sinapis ( Hifpanica ) foliis duplicato-pinnatis, laciniis 
linearibus. Hort. Cliff. 338. Mufiard with doubly- 
winged leaves having linear fegments. Sinapi Hifpani- 
cum nafturtii folio. Tourn. Inft. 227. Spanifh Mufiard 
with a Crefs leaf. 
The firft fort is the common white Muftard, which 
is generally cultivated as a fallad herb for winter and 
fpring ufe. This rifes with a branched hairy ftalk 
two feet high, the leaves are deeply jagged on their 
edges and are rough. The flowers are difpofed in 
loofe fpikes at the end of the branches, ftanding upon 
horizontal foot-ftalks ; they have four yellow petals 
placed in form of a crofs, which are fucceeded by 
hairy pods that end with long, comprefled, oblique 
beaks ; the pods generally contain four white feeds. 
It flowers in June, and the feeds ripen in Auguft. 
The fecond fort is the common Muftard, which is 
frequently found growing naturally in many parts of 
England, but is alfo cultivated in fields for the feed, 
of which the fauce called Muftard is made. This rifes 
with a branching ftalk four or five feet high ; the 
lower leaves are large, rough, and very like thofe of 
Turnep, the upper leaves are fmaller and lefs jagged. 
The flowers are fmall, yellow, and grow in fpiked 
clufters at the end of the branches ; they have four 
petals placed in form of a crofs, thefe are fucceeded 
by fmooth pods ending with four corners. It flowers 
and feeds at the fame time with the former. 
The third fort grows naturally on arable land in ma- 
ny parts of England. The feed of this is commonly 
fold under the title of Durham Muftard-feed ; of this 
there are two varieties, if not diftindt fpecies ; one 
with cut, and the other has entire leaves. The ftalks 
rife about two feet high, the leaves are rough, and in 
one they are jagged like Turnep leaves, and in the 
others are oblong and entire. The flowers are yellow, 
the pods are turgid, angular, and have long beaks. 
Thefe flower in April and May, and the feeds ripen 
in June. 
The fourth fort grows naturally in Spain ; this feldom 
rifes more than eight or nine inches high ; the leaves 
are fmooth and much jagged, the ftalk branches to- 
ward the top, and is terminated by a loofe fpike of 
white flowers ; thefe are fucceeded by fmooth, taper, 
blunt pods, filled with fmall brown feeds. It flowers 
in June^ and the feeds ripen in Auguft. 
The 
