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inches, and the ground hoed Over to deftroy the 
weeds. This fhould be repeated three times, as is 
ufually done for Carrots, which, if well performed 
in dry weather, will keep the ground clean all the 
firftpart of the fummer, fo that unlefs there fhould 
be much rain about Midfummer, there will befcarce 
any neceffity for farther cleaning of the plants, for 
their leaves will fpread, and prevent the growth of 
weeds afterward. In autumn, when the leaves begin 
to decay, the roots will be fit for ufe, and may be 
continued all the winter till they begin to {hoot in 
the fpring, when they will become fticky, as will 
alfo any of thofe which run up to feed the firft ham- 
mer, fo that all fuch ihould be pulled up and thrown 
away. 
The time for propagating this plant by offsets is in 
the fpring, before they begin to {hoot, at which time 
the old roots Ihould be dug up, and the fide roots 
fhould be flipped off, preferving an eye or bud to 
each ; thefe fhould be planted in rows one foot afun- 
der, and four inches diftant in the rows. If the 
ground is light, this may be performed with a dibble, 
but for ftiff land it will be beft to make a trench with 
a fpade, in the fame manner as for Afparagus, laying 
the roots therein at a proper diftance. The ground 
muff be kept clean by hoeing it in the fame manner 
as before directed, and at the feafon the roots will be 
fit for ufe. 
The fifth fort is a perennial plant, which grows natu- 
rally in Germany. The roots of this plant creep and 
fpread very far under ground ; the leaft part of 
them will grow, fo that when it is once brought in- 
to a garden, it will foon multiply ; they are thick, 
flefhy, and tafte like thofe of Eryngo. The leaves 
are divided into linear fegments, and their bafe em- 
brace the ftalks, which rife two feet high, and are 
terminated by large flat umbels of white flowers, 
which appear in July, but their feeds do not often 
ripen here. 
The fixth fort grows naturally in Sicily, ahd is pre- 
ferved in botanic gardens for the fake of variety. The 
lower leaves are pretty broad, trifoliate, and of a 
lucid green ; the ftalk rifes two feet high, and is ter- 
minated by an umbel of yellow flowers in July; the 
leaves on the ftalks are doubly winged, and the feeds 
ripen in autumn, which Ihould be fown foon after 
they are ripe. 
SMALLAGE. See Apium. 
SMI LAX. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 654. tab. 421. Lin. 
Gen. Plant. 992. Rough Bindweed. 
The Characters are, 
It is male and female in different plants. The male flowers 
have a fix-leaved , open, bell-fhaped empalement ; they 
have no petals , but have fix ftamina terminated by oblong 
fummits. The female flowers have the like empalement , 
but they fall off ; they have no petals or ftamina , but have 
an oval germen , fupporting three very flmall flyles , crown- 
ed by oblong reflexed Jligmas. The germen afterward turns 
to a globular berry with two cells , containing two globu- 
lar feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fixth fedtion of 
Linnaeus’s twenty-fecond clafs, which includes thofe 
plants which have male and female flowers fituated 
upon different plants, whofe male flowers have fix 
ftamina. 
The Species are, 
1 . Smilax (. Afpera ) caule aculeato angulato, foliis den- 
tato-aculeatis cordatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 1028. Smilax 
with an angular prickly ftalk , and heart-fhaped , prickly , 
indented leaves. Smilax afpera, fruftu rubente. C. B. P. 
296. Rough Bindweed with a red fruit. 
2. Smilax ( Excelfa ) caule aculeato angulato, foliis cor- 
datis inermibus. Smilax with an angular prickly ftalk , 
and finooth heart-fhaped leaves. Smilax orientalis, far- 
mentis aculeatis, excelfas arbores fcandentibus, foliis 
non fpinofis. Tourn. Cor, 45. Eaftern rough Bindweed , 
with prickly runners climbing the talleft trees , and leaves 
not prickly. 
3. Smilax ( Sarfaparilla ) caule aculeato angulato, foliis 
inermibus retufo-cordatis. Smilax with an angular 
o 
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prickly folk, and ret iff heart-fhaped unarmed leaves* 
Smilax viticulis afperis Virginiana, folio hederaceo 
leni Zarza nobilifiima. Pluk. Aim. 348. Virginia rough 
Bindweed with prickly Vines , and a finooth Ivy leaft call- 
ed Zarza. 
4. Smilax ( Tamnoides ) caule aculeato tereti, foliis iner- 
mibus cordatis oblongis feptemnerviis. Lin. Sp. Plant, 
1030. Smilax with a taper prickly ftalk , and oblongs 
heart-fhaped , unarmed leaves with feven veins. Smi- 
lax bryoniae nigrte foliis, caule fpinofo, baccis nigris, 
Catefb. Carol. 1. p. 52. Rough Bindweed with black 
Briony leaves , a prickly ftalk , and black berries. 
5. Smilax [China) caule aculeato teretiufculo, foliis 
inermibus ovato-cordatis quinquenerviis. Lin. Sp. 
Plant. 1029. Smilax with a taper prickly ftalk , and oval , 
heart-fhaped , unarmed leaves , having five veins. Radix 
China. C. B. Pi 496. China-root. 
6 . Smilax (Caduca) caule fubaculeato tereti, foliis iner- 
mibus cordatis trinerviis. Smilax with a taper ftalk 
having a few ftmall thorns , and unarmed heart-ftjaped 
leaves with three veins. 
7. Smilax ( Ariftolochiffolia ) caule aculeato tereti, foliis 
inermibus fagittatis obtuftufculis trinerviis. Smilax with 
a prickly taper ftalk , and very blunt , halbert-pointed , ‘ 
unarmed leaves. Smilax afpera ariftolochiae, foliis 
longioribus, ad bafin auriculatis. Houft, MSS. Rough 
Bindweed with longer Birthwort leaves , eared at their 
bafe. 
8. Smilax fSpinofta ) caule aculeato tereti, foliis ovato- 
lanceolatis nervis foliorum inferne aculeatis. Smilax 
with a taper prickly ftalk , and oval fpear-fhaped leaves 
whofe veins on the under fide are prickly. Smilax viti- - 
culis afperis, foliis oblongis, nervis foliorum fpinofis. 
Houft. MSS. Rough Bindweed with a prickly ftalk , and 
oblong leaves with prickly Veins. 
9. Smilax ( Virginiana ) caule aculeato angulato, foliis 
lanceolatis inermibus, acuminatis. Smilax with an an- 
gular prickly ftalk , and fpear-fhaped , acute-pointed , un- 
armed leaves. Smilax viticulis afperis Virginiana, 
foliis anguftis Isevibus nullis auriculis praedita. Pluk. 
Phyt. tab. no. fig. 4. Virginian rough Bindweed 
with prickly veins, and narrow fmooth leaves without 
ears. 
10. Smilax (Canellefolid) caule inermi tereti, foliis iner- 
mibus ovatis trinerviis. Smilax with an unarmed taper 
ftalk , and oval unarmed leaves with three veins. Smilax 
Virginiana, fpinis innocuis armata latis canelte foliis, 
radice arundinacea craffa & carnofa. Pluk. Phyt. no. 
fig. 5. Rough Bindweed of Virginia armed with innocent 
fpines , a broad Cinnamon leaft and a thick , flefhy , Reed- 
like root. 
n. Smilax (Humilus) caule inermi tereti, foliis inermi- 
bus ovato-cordatis trinerviis, floribus corymbofis. 
Smilax with a taper unarmed ftalk , oval , heart-fhaped , 
unarmed leaves , and flowers in a corymbus. Smilax hu- 
milis, non fpinofa, foliis ariftolochiae, baccis rubris. 
Catefb. Car. 1. p. 47. Dwarf rough Bindweed without 
fpines , Birthwort leaves, and red berries. 
12. Smilax ( Hederafolia ) caule inermi tereti, foliis iner- 
mibus, caulinis cordatis, racemis ovato-oblongis. Lin. 
Sp. Plant. 1031. Smilax with an unarmed taper ftalk , 
unarmed , heart-ftjaped leaves on the ftalks , and oval ob- 
long bunches oft flowers. Smilax claviculata, hederae 
folia tota laevis e terra Mariana. Pluk. Phyt. tab. 225. 
fig. 3. Rough Bindweed with clafpers , and an Ivy leaf 
totally fmooth, from Maryland. 
13. Smilax ( Laurifolia ) caule inermi tereti, foliis iner- 
mibus lanceolatis. Smilax with a taper unarmed ftalk, 
and ftp ear -ft japed unarmed leaves. Smilax laevis, lauri 
folio, baccis nigris. Catefb. Car. 1. p. 15. SmoothBind- 
weed , with a Bay leaf and black berries. 
The firft fort grows naturally under hedges and in 
woods in Italy and Spain. The roots are compofed of 
many thick flefhy fibres, which fpread wide on every 
fide, and ftrike deep in the ground, from which 
come out feveral ftalks which are flender, angular, 
armed with fhort crooked fpines, and have clafpers 
on their fides, by which they fallen themfelves to any 
neighbouring plant for fuppo'rt, and rife five or fix 
feet high. The leaves are ftiff, heart-fhaped, and 
1 2 N acute- 
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