having three or four pair of oblong lobes terminated 
by an odd one j thefe are two inches long, and almoft 
one broad, fav/ed on their edges, and ending in acute 
points. The flowers are difpofed in long (lender 
(pikes, which are formed into loofe panicles at the top 
of the ilalks ; they are (mail, white, and of two fexes 
in the lame fpike ; they appear in July, but the feeds 
rarely ripen here. 
T-his plant is kept in gardens for the fake of variety ; 
it may be propagated by parting of the root in au- 
tumn •, it loves a moift foil and a fhady fituation. 
The fhrubby forts require no other pruning, but to 
cut out all the dead branches and fuch as grow irre- 
gular, and take off all their fuckers every year, for if 
thefe are permitted to grow, they will ftarve the old 
plants by drawing away their nouriftiment. The 
giound between them (hould alfo be dug every fpring 
to encourage their roots, and every third year a Ijttle 
rotten dung buried therein, which will caufe them to 
flower very ftrong. 
SPIRiEA of AFRICA. See Diosma. 
S PON DIAS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 577. Plum. Nov. 
Gen. 22. Black American Plum. 
The Characters are, 
It hath a fmall coloured empalement of one leaf, cut into 
five fegments which fall off -, and five oblong, plain, 
fpregdmg petals to the flower, and ten awl-jhaped erect 
ftamina alternately longer, terminated by oblong fummits, 
with an oval germen fupporting five fioort fiyles, crowned 
by obtufe ftigmas. The empalement afterward becomes a 
Plum, having five large punbtures , inclofing an oval, lig- 
neous, fibrous nut. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fourth fedion 
of Linnaeus’s tenth clafs, which includes thole plants 
whofe flowers have ten (lamina and five fiyles. 
The Species are, 
1. Spondias ( Purpurea ) petiolis communibus compref- 
fis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 613. Spondias whofe common foot- 
ftalks are compreffed. Myrobalanus minor, folio frax- 
ini alato, frudu purpureo officulo magno fibrofo. 
Sloan. Cat. Jam. 182. Myrabolon with an AJh leaf, and 
purple fruit with a large fibrous ft one. 
2. Spondias ( Lute a ) foliolis nitidis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 
613. Spondias with neat leaves. Monbin arbor folio 
fraxini, Acre luteo racemofo. Plum. Gen. Tree Monbin 
with an AJh, leaf and yellow fruit. 
The firft fort grows naturally in many places in the 
Weft Indies •, its ufual height is about ten or twelve 
feet, and their ftems as large as a man’s leg, fending 
out branches toward the top, which have a gray 
bark •, thefe are deftitute of leaves for fome months, 
but in the fpring before the leaves appear, there are 
many fmall purple flowers which come out from the 
fide "of the branches •, thefe are lucceeded by a fruit 
like Plums, having a lufcious thin pulp, covering a 
large fibrous (lone. The leaves which come out af- 
terward are unequally winged, having four or five 
pair of lobes about an inch long, and half an inch 
broad, terminated by an odd one. 
The fecond fort grows alfo in the warmed parts of 
America, where it riles to the height of thirty feet 
or more, fending out many crooked irregular branches, 
which are alfo deftitute of leaves for fome months ; 
the branches have a light coloured bark, and are gar- 
nifhed with unequal winged leaves, which have four 
or fix pair of lobes near two inches long, and one 
broad, having deep longitudinal veins. The flowers 
come out before the leaves appear, which are fucceed- 
ed by yellow Plums an inch or more in length, grow- 
ing in a fort of racemus. Thefe have large fibrous 
(tones with a thin covering of flefh. 
Thefe plants grow eafily from cuttings when they are 
once obtained, which if planted in pots filled with 
light rich earth, and plunged into a moderate hot- 
bed, covering them down either with bell or hand- 
giaffes to exclude the external air,and (haded from the 
fun, will take root freely. The bed time for this is in 
the fpring, before the plants put out their leaves. 
They may alfo be propagated by their (tones, if they 
are brought over frelli, which fhould be put into fmall 
pots filled with the fame rich earth, and plunged In- 
to a hot-bed of tanners bark, obferving duly to water 
the earth, and in about fix or feven weeks the plants 
will appear. Thefe fhould afterward be treated in 
the fame way as the Annona, keeping them conftant- 
ly in the tan-bed in the dove, and when they are def- 
titute of leaves, give them but little water. 
S QJJ ASHES. SeeP E po. 
S QJJ I L L S. See Scilla. 
STACHYS. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 186. tab. 86. Lin. 
Gen. Plant. 638. [of an ear of Corn, becaufe 
the flowers of this plant refemble an ear of Corn.] 
Bale Horehound. 
The Characters are. 
The flower hath a tubulous , angular , permanent empale- 
ment, cut into five acute parts at the top-, it has one 
lip-fhaped petal, with a fioort tube having oblong chaps. 
The upper lip is ere It, hooked, and a little indented at the 
point it is large, reflexed , and cut into three parts , the 
middle fegment being large and indented at the point. It 
has four azvl-Jhaped ftamina , two of which are longer , 
and inclined to the upper lip ; the other two are floor ter, 
terminated by Jingle fummits, and a four-pointed ger- 
men, fupporting a fender ftyle the length of the ftamina, 
crowned by a bifid acute Jligma. The germen afterward 
turns to four oval angular feeds which ripen in the ern- 
palemnt. 
This genus of plants rs ranged in the firft feftion of 
Linnaeus’s fourteenth clafs, which includes thofe 
plants whofe flowers have two fhort and two longer 
ftamina, and the feeds are naked in the empalement. 
The Species are, 
1. Stachys {Germanica) verticillis multifloris, foliorum 
ferraturus imbricatis, caule lanato. Lin. Sp. Plant. 
812. Bafe Horehound with a woolly ftalk, woolly leaves 
which are flawed, and whorls of flowers. Stachys ma- 
jor Germanica. C. B. P. 236. Greater German Bafe 
Horehound. 
2. Stachys ( Cretica ) verticillis multifloris, calycibus 
pungentibus caule hirto. Hort. Upfal. 170. Bafe 
Horehound with many flowers in the whorls , and prickly 
empalements. Stachys Cretica. C. B. P. 236. Bafe 
Horehound of Candia. 
3. Stachys ( Italica ) foliis lineari-lanceolatis tomentofis 
fubcrenatis, petiolis longiflimis, caule fruticofo to- 
mentofo. Bafe Horehound with narrow, fpear-Jhaped, 
woolly leaves which are fomewhat crenated, grow on 
very long foot-ftalks, and have a fhrubby woolly ftalk. 
Stachys minor Italica. C. B. P. 236. Leffer Italian 
Bafe Horehound. 
4. Stachys ( Alba ) foliis oblongo-ovatis crenatis pilofis 
calycibus pungentibus, labii luperiore pilofo. Bafe 
Horehound with oblong, oval , crenated, hairy leaves , 
prickly empalements to the flowers, and the upper lip 
hairy. Stachys alba, latifolia major. Barrel. Icon. 297. 
Greater, broad-leaved, white Bafe Horehound. 
5. Stachys ( Alpina ) verticillis multifloris, foliorum 
ferratum apice cartilagineis, corollis labio piano. 
Flor. Suec. 527. Bafe Horehound with fawed leaves , 
having cartilaginous tops, and many flowers in whorls. 
Stachys hormini folio obfcure virenti, flore ferrugi- 
neo. Mor. Hort. Reg. Blsef. 198. Bafe Horehound 
with an obfcure green Clary leaf, and an iron- coloured 
flower. 
6. Stachys ( Hifpanica ) foliis inferioribus ovato-oblon- 
gis fubcrenatis fubtus tomentofis, caulinis cordatis 
acutis feffilibus, calycibus fpinofis. Bafe Horehound 
with oval, oblong , lower leaves, which are flightly cre- 
nated, woolly on their under fide, thofe on the ftalks be- 
ing heart-fhaped , acute-pointed, and fitting clofe to the 
ftalks, and prickly empalements to the flowers. Stachys 
elatior, flore flavefcente punclato. A£t. Phil. Lond. 
N° 383. Taller Bafe Horehound with a yellowijh fpotted 
flower. 
7. Stachys ( Glutinofa ) ramis ramofiffimis, foliis lanceo- 
latis glabris. Hort. Cliff. 310. Bafe Horehound with 
very J. breading branches, and fmooth fpear-Jhaped leaves. 
Galeopfis anguftifolia Cretica vifcofa. Narrow-leaved 
vifcous Hedge Nettle of Crete. • 
8. Stachys 
