S T A 
The firft fort grows naturally on the Alps* and other 
cold mountains in feveral parts of Europe. This has 
a perennial fibrous root, from which come out many 
narrow fpear-fhaped leaves about four inches long, 
and half an inch broad in the wideft part ; they are 
fmooth, of a dark green colour, and fit clofe over 
each other at their bafe. The foot-ftalks of the 
flowers rife about a foot high * they are naked, and 
terminated by one globular head, containing feveral 
fmall, pale, red flowers, which are included in one 
common fcaly empalement * the lower fcales are 
acute-pointed, and immediately under the flower is 
placed five narrow leaves which afterward fall off. 
This plant flowers in June, and the flowers are fuc- 
ceeded by oblong feeds which are clofely wrapped 
up in the particular empalement of the flower, and 
ripen in Auguft. There is a variety of this with white 
flowers. 
The fecond fort is alfo a native of the Alps, and other 
cold mountains, where it feldom rifes more than two 
inches high, but when it is planted in gardens, it be- 
comes much larger. The roots of this are fibrous 
and perennial ; they divide into heads, which have a 
great number of narrow Grafs-like leaves, which have 
three corners at their bafe, fitting clofe round the 
heads, whofe bafe embrace the Items and lie over 
each other. The ftalks are naked, and rife about fix 
inches high, fuftaining on their tops heads of pale 
purplifli flowers, indofed in one common fcaly em- 
palement, whofe fcales are broad and rounded at their 
points. The flowers appear the latter end of May, 
and if the feafon is not very hot, they will continue 
good part of June. 
There is a variety of this with bright red flowers, 
which is commonly called Scarlet Thrift ; the flowers 
of this make a much better appearance than thofe of 
the other, fo has been much more cultivated in gar- 
dens ; but neither of the kinds are greatly efleemed 
at prefent, and therefore feldom feen in any modern 
gardens. 
The third fort grows naturally in fait marfhes, where 
the fea flows over them frequently, in many parts of 
England, fo is very rarely admitted into gardens. The 
leaves of this fort are very narrow, fhort, and plain ; 
the ftalks feldom rife more than three or four inches 
high ; the heads of flowers are fmall, and the flowers 
are of a pale flelh colour, fo make but little appear- 
ance ; it flowers later in the feafon than either of the 
former. 
There was fome years paft another fpecies of this ge- 
nus in the Engiilh gardens, which came from Portu- 
gal. This had a thick perennial ftalk which by age 
became Ihrubby, and rofe to be a foot and a half in 
height •, the leaves were like thofe of the firft fort, 
but much larger *, the foot-ftalks of the flowers were 
a foot and a half long, naked, and terminated by 
one large globular head of flowers, of a pale red co- 
lour ; but all the plants of this kind which were in 
England, the fevere froft in the beginning of the year 
1 740 deftroyed, fince which time I have not feen one 
of them. 
The fecond fort has been planted in gardens, to make 
edging on the fides of borders in the flower-gardens * 
for which purpofe they were formerly in great efteem, 
but of late they have been very juftly rejeded for that 
ufe ; becaufe there was a neceflity of tranfplanting 
thefe edgings every year, otherwife they could not be 
kept within due bounds ; befides, wherever a plant 
failed, which was no extraordinary thing, there always 
appeared a large unfightly gap ; however, tho’ they 
are not in ufe at prefent for that purpofe, yet a few 
plants of the firft and fecond Ihould have a place in 
fome part of the flower-garden, for variety * efpecially 
the variety with red flowers will grow in almoft any 
foil or fituation, and their flowers will continue a 
long time in beauty. 
All thefe forts may be propagated by parting their 
roots ; the belt time for which is in autumn, that 
they may take root before the froft, which will caufe 
them to flower much ftronger than thofe tranfplanted 
in the fpring ; and the plants will mot be in fo much 
danger of mifcarrying as thofe are, efpecially when' 
the Ipring happens to prove dry/ After thefe plants 
have taken root, they will require no farther care but 
to keep them clean from weeds, and to traniplant 
and part their roots annually, for if they are permitted 
to ftand longer unremoved, they are very Subject to 
rot and decay, efpecially when they are planted in 
good ground. 
STATUES and VASES contribute very much 
to the embellilhment and magnificence of a garden, 
and extremely advance the natural beauties of it. . 
They are made of feveral forms, and different mate- 
rials. The richeft are thofe of caft brafs, lead gilt, 
and marble * the ordinary fort are of a common ftone 
or ftucco. 
Among figures are diftinguiftwd groups, which con- 
fift at lead of two figures together in the fame bloc kb 
figures infulate or detached, that is, thofe that you 
can go quite round, and figures that are fet in niches, 
which are finilhed on the fore part only. 
There are likewife bulls, termes, half-length figures, 
figures half as big as the life, and thofe bigger 
than the life, that are called coloffal, either on regu- 
lar pedeftals, or fuch as are more (lender, tapering, 
and hollowed, not to mention the figures which fome- 
times adorn cafcades, as alfo bas-relievos, &c. 
Thefe figures reprefent all the feveral deities, and il- 
luftrious perfons of antiquity, which fhould be placed 
properly in gardens. 
' The river gods, as Naiads, Rivers, andTritons,- fhould 
be placed in the middig. of fountains and balons. 
The gods of the woods, as Sylvans, Fauns, and Dry- 
ades, in the groves •, facrifices, bacchanals, and chil- 
dren fports, are likewife reprelented in bas-relievo 
• upon the vafes and pedeftals, which may be adorned 
with feftoons, foliage, mouldings, and other orna- 
ments. / 
In woods and groves, Sylvanus, god, and Ferona, 
goddefs, of the woods * Adteon the hunter, who 
chancing to efpy Diana bathing, fire transformed him 
into a hart, and he was devoured by his own dogs. 
Alfo, 
Echo, a virgin rejedted of her lover, who pined away 
in the woods for grief, where her voice ftiil remains, 
anlwering the outcries of every complaint. Alfo, 
Philomela, transformed into a nightingale, and Itys, 
into a pheafant. 
Jupiter, Mars, and Bellona, Ihould poffefs thelargeft 
open centers and lawns of a grand defign, elevated 
upon pedeftals, columnal, and other architedlonical 
works, with their immediate fervants and vaffals un- 
derneath * Jupiter with his Mercury, Mars with 
Fame, and the reft of their attendants. 
Alfo Minerva or Pallas, goddefs of wifdom : with the 
feveral liberal fciences * the three deftinies, Clotho, 
Lachefis, and Atropos * Tellus, the goddefs of earth 5 
Priapus, the god of gardens ; Pytho, the goddefs of 
eloquence * Vella, the goddefs of chaftity. 
Neptune, in his chariot, Ihould pofiefs the center of 
the greatell body of water, whether it be fountain, 
bafon, or whatfoever there is of that kind, and at- 
tended with the Naiades, Tritons, and his other fea 
attendants. 
For canals, bafons, and filh-ponds, Pafeemon, Panif- 
cus, and Oceanus, gods ; Dione, Melicerta, Thetis, 
and Marica", fea goddeffes •, Salacia, goddefs cf the 
water ; Naiades, fairies of the water j and the firens, 
Parthenope, Ligia, and Leucolia. 
Flora andChloris, goddeffes of flowers, and alfo Ve- 
nus, Daphne, and Rucina, the goddefs of weeding, 
in the flower-garden. 
The Dii minores ought alfo to pofiefs the niches. 
Ceres, Pomona, and the Hefperides, fEgle, Arethufa, 
and Helperethufa, who were three lifters, feigned to 
have an orchard of golden Apples, kept by a dragon, 
which Hercules flew when he took them away, 
fhould be placed in the orchard . the fauns and fvlvans 
fhould be placed in the more remote and rural centers 
and parts of the wood work. 
4 
Bacchus 
